156 METABOLISM 



and taken with food, it is not harmful to healthy average men 

 working under ordinary conditions. Every stimulant may 

 be abused by overindulgence. A special danger in alcohol 

 lies in the acquisition of an alcohol habit. Finally, it must 

 be remembered that alcohol is a depressant rather than a 

 stimulant, from a pharmacological point of view. 



QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER VIII 



How do absorbed digestion products reach the tissue cells? 



Define "conservation of energy. " 



Does the law of the conservation of energy hold true for the body? 



What is the source of energy of the body? 



Into what forms of energy does the body convert the energy of the foods? 



How much heat is given off by the body per day? 



Define a calorie. 



Discuss the "combustion equivalent" of foods. 



How is the combustion equivalent obtained? 



What are direct and indirect calorimetry? 



What is the purpose of the decomposition of the protein molecule? 



Discuss exogenous and endogenous protein metabolism. 



What is the significance of serum-albumin and serum-globulin. 



Discuss the formation of urea. 



Discuss the formation of uric acid. 



Discuss the formation of hippuric acid. 



Discuss the formation of kreatinin. 



What are the main facts of carbohydrate metabolism? 



What foodstuffs are the source of glycogen? * 



Describe in detail the history of dextrose. 



Give a practical test for incipient diabetes. 



Describe an experiment showing the relation of the pancreas to the 

 destruction of sugar in the body. 



Give the main facts in the metabolism of fats. 



What is meant by autolysis? 



What is the composition of the urine? 



Define nitrogen equilibrium. Discuss. 



What changes take place in nitrogen excretion during starvation? 



Describe the effect of a protein diet upon nitrogen excretion during a 

 period of starvation. 



What are protein sparers? 



What is the manner of action of the Banting cure for corpulence? 



What reason has been assigned for the inability of albuminoids to take 

 the place of proteins? 



Why does the destruction of protein depend mainly upon the supply 

 in the food? 



What effect has muscular work on nitrogen excretion? 



How is carbon equilibrium determined? 



Give the history of inorganic salts in the body. 



What values have water and salts to the animal? 



What salt especially undergoes a change in the body? 



Why do herbivora crave salts? 



What are the sources of the salts of the body? 



What are the uses of calcium salts? 



