176 SPECIAL MUSCULAR MECHANISMS 



QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER X 



What is the function of the jaws and the teeth? 



Tell what you can of the temporary and permanent sets of teeth. 



Give action of the muscles concerned in mastication. 



What purpose do the tongue and cheeks serve? 



Into what stages is deglutition divided? 



Describe each stage in detail. 



How does the deglutition of liquids differ from that of solids? 



How long does it take food to pass from the pharynx to the stomach? 



Is swallowing reflex or voluntary? 



What is the effect of sectioning the esophagus on peristalsis? 



Give the nervous mechanism of deglutition. 



Describe the movements of the stomach. 



What is the function of the fundic end of the stomach? 



Give the nerve supply to the stomach and its function. 



Describe vomiting. Is it a reflex act? 



What experiment shows that food is ejected from the stomach mainly 

 by the contraction of abdominal muscles? 



Give the nerves involved in vomiting. 



Explain the movements of the intestines. 



What is antiperistalsis? 



What is the proof that normal peristalsis is due to a nervous mechanism? 



What are the differences between the peristaltic and the rhythmic move- 

 ments of the intestine? 



How do rhythmic movements aid the circulation? 



Discuss the nervous mechanism of the intestines. 



Describe defecation. Give nerve supply and locate centre. 



Describe micturition. 



Explain why a desire to micturate may pass off. 



Locate centre and give nerve supply involved in micturition. 



Describe parturition. 



What forms the after-birth? 



How much blood is lost during parturition? Is this essential? 



Give source of nerve supply and locate centre involved in parturition. 



Name the types of articulations between bones. 



Define each type. 



What kinds of movements may take place between joints? 



Describe the three kinds of levers formed by bones. 



Define standing, waging, and running. 



How is the voice produced? 



Define pitch, intensity, and quality of voice. 



What is the relation of the centre of speech to other centres of the cerebral 

 cortex? 



What constitutes a register? 



Define head voice, chest voice, and falsetto. 



Define speaking. Define whispering. 



