METHOD OF OBTAINING IT. 119 



gut inclosed between the ligatures, there was then found a glassy, 

 transparent, colourless, and tenacious mass with a strong alkaline 

 reaction. In precisely the same manner I obtained the intestinal 

 juice from the ileum of a man who, in consequence of a badly 

 performed operation for hernia, had several intestinal fistulas, with 

 perfect inversion of a loop of gut ; at one of these fistulous open- 

 ings, faecal matter appeared; at the other, pure intestinal juice 

 might be collected. The morphological elements found in the 

 intestinal juice are granular cells in greater or less abundance, cell- 

 nuclei, here and there a little fat, and not unfrequently cylindrical 

 epithelium (in the case which I examined, the latter structure was 

 very abundant.) Notwithstanding this perfect coincidence between 

 my experiments and those of Frerichs, which is the more striking 

 since they were made in different ways, some recent investigations 

 of Bidder and Schmidt* show that this subject obviously requires 

 further elucidation; for by following the method indicated by 

 Frerichs, these physiologists could obtain no trace of intestinal 

 juice, so that they were compelled to postpone its examination till 

 they could collect it from an artificially formed intestinal fistula in 

 a dog, in whom the pancreatic juice and the bile were carried away 

 externally by a corresponding fistula. 



The gut, both in recently fed and in fasting cats, was tied 

 immediately below the duodenum, and exactly in accordance with 

 the directions of Frerichs. Three or four loops, at the distance of 

 half a foot, were isolated by ligatures, and replaced ; the wound in 

 the abdomen was then stitched up, and in the course of from three 

 to six hours, the animal was killed by strangulation. There was 

 " not a drop " of intestinal juice to be found. In the dog from 

 which they obtained the intestinal juice, two fistulous openings 

 had been established, one from the gall-bladder, and the other from 

 the small intestine to the external abdominal walls, which were 

 perfectly healed in the course of ten days after the operation ; by 

 the introduction of silver and caoutchouc tubes, they obtained at 

 the upper opening pure bile, and at the lower one the glandular 

 secretion of the small intestine, mixed perhaps with a little 

 unresorbed saliva and gastric juice, whose quantity, however, in 

 the fasting state, would be so extremely minute as to be unworthy 

 of notice. 



The intestinal juice does not mix readily with water ; it cakes, 

 and apparently coagulates when treated with a saline solution, as 

 an aqueous solution of chloride of sodium or sulphate of soda j the 

 * In a Private Communication. t 



