CHAPTER XXIII. 



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD-PLASMA; CO- 

 AGULATION; QUANTITY OF BLOOD; REGENERA- 

 TION AFTER HEMORRHAGE. 



Composition of the Plasma and Corpuscles. Blood (plasma 

 and corpuscles) contains a great variety of substances, as might be 

 inferred from its double relations to the tissues as a source of 

 nutrition and as a means of removing the waste products of their 

 functional activity. The constituents that may be present in 

 normal blood-plasma are in part definitely known and in part 

 entirely unknown from a chemical standpoint. Some idea of the 

 complexity of the composition may be obtained from the following 

 table: 



COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD-PLASMA. 

 WATER, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXID, NITROGEN. 



Proteins 



Extractives, that is, substances other 

 than proteins that may be ex- 

 tracted from the dried residue by 

 water, alcohol, or ether. 



Salts 



Enzymes and unknowns. 



Fibrinogen. 

 Paraglobulin | 



Serum-albumin. 



Nucleo-protein. 



Fats. 



Sugar. 



Urea. 



Jecorin. 



Glucuronic acid. 



Lecithin. 



Cholesterin 



Lactic acid. 



Chlorids 

 Carbonates 

 Sulphates 

 Phosphates 



Internal secretions. 



of 



(Sodium. 

 Potassium. 

 Calcium. 

 Magnesium. 

 Iron. 



{ 



e, etc 



Immune bodies (Amboceptors) . 

 Complements. 

 Opsonins. 



A number of detailed chemical analyses of the blood of different 

 animals, so far as its constituents can be determined by analytical 

 methods, have been reported at different times. The following 



420 



