THE STATE SMALL-HOLDINGS 71 



large hives of bees. Mr. Nielsen had four children, 

 but these were grown up and away. I gathered that 

 he and his wife did all the work of the place, with 

 the result that he now has little time to earn extra 

 money by shoemaking. That on the whole he had 

 no cause to complain was shown by the fact that 

 he has been able to live out of his holding, and in 

 addition to repay debt to the amount of about 300 

 kroner (16, 12s. 6d.) a year. 



Another State small-holder whom I saw was 

 named Anders Frandsen, who lived at a place called 

 Svogerslev Mark. He and his wife were elderly 

 people, and with them resided his mother, an old lady 

 of eighty-five, and a young son, who was sick in bed. 

 By the way, all the family, including the old mother 

 and the boy, slept together in one not very large room ! 

 Why they did this I do not know, as the house is 

 the best of those that I visited on this journey, and 

 has very good outbuildings. 



Mr. Frandsen borrowed 4300 kroner (^238, 5s.) 

 when he bought his property of six tondeland five 

 years previously, but was applying for an additional 

 State loan. He began with three cows, but at the 

 time of my visit had seven cattle, also a sow, four 

 pigs, and two good horses. Originally he was a 

 butcher and stockbreeder, but possessed only a little 

 capital when he entered on his small-holding. 



He told me that he was well satisfied, and could earn 

 a living and pay his way, although whatever more he 

 could make went to buy stock and refund debt. He 

 bought and sold everything through co-operative 

 societies, and expressed the opinion, which Mr. Mor- 

 tensen endorsed, that the small-holding movement in 

 Denmark would be impossible without the help of 



