J?OUND IN THG CAVE AT KIRKDALE. 17 



the animal remains discovered in the cave at Kirk- 

 dale are referable to 23 species ; Hyaena, tiger, 

 bear, wolf, elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, ox, 

 three species of deer, hare, rabbit, water rat, mouse, 

 raven, pigeon, lark, duck, and probably a snipe. 



Though the number of bones found here were so 

 great, very few of them were whole ; and those 

 which were so, were bones of the more compact de- 

 scription ; many of them were fragments, and great 

 numbers were splinters ; in some places were heaps 

 of small splinters and comminuted fiagments of 

 bone?, mixed with teeth of most of the species of a- 

 nimals whose remains were here discovered ; they 

 were lying at the bottom of the den, cemented to- 

 gether by stalagmite, forming an association called 

 osseous Breccia, or bone imbedded in stalagmite. I 

 have the tusk of an Hyaena, and an incisor tooth of 

 the same animal, with teeth of rats, in a piece of 

 sponge-like stalagmite, or a mixture of stalagmite 

 with loam ; it has a grotesque and interesting ap- 

 pearance, and the enamel of the teeth is as perfect, 

 and of as good a colour, as when in the animal's 

 head. I discovered the tusk by picking out a piece 

 of loose loam, to examine if there were any speci- 

 mens in the interior of the mass, The tusk at 

 present by its situation in the breccia, reminds you 

 of a bust in a niche, the top of the incisor tooth and 

 the point of the tusk being placed in the relation 

 to each other, in the same way as they would be in 

 the animal's head. I have also pieces of skull in 

 stalagmite, and other fragments detached ; but I do 

 ftot recollect any skull having been found complete. 



