X CONTENTS. 



II. The two factors of intellectual progress, 27 ; Object of the book, 28 ; 



Nineteenth century, what it has achieved : (o)_Method of knowledge ; (b) 

 Unity of knowledge, 29 ; Search after truth, 29/5 Method of science, prac- 

 tised by Galileo, &c., defined by Bacon, &c., 30 ; Disintegration of learn- 

 ing, 30 ; Apparent distance between science and poetry, 31 ; Closer con- 

 nection between science and life, 31 ; What has nineteenth century done 

 for the ideals ? 32 ; Deeper conception of the unity of human interests, 

 v33j Different terms for expressing this unity, 33j^Definition of thought,' 

 33 j'Age of encyclopaedic treatment of learning, 34); Unity of knowledge 

 gradually lost sight of, 35; Lectures on " Encyclopaedic " in Germany, 37 ; 

 Encyclopaedias did not fulfil their promise, 39 ; French were masters in 

 science in beginning of the century, 41) Reaction in Germany against 

 metaphysics, 1 43] Reform in school literature, 44 ; Germany has taken 

 the lead in studying the life o^thought, 46 ; Transition from meta- 

 physical to historical method, 47 ; Herbert Spencer, 48 ; Lotze, 48 ; 

 Herder's 'Ideen,' 50 ; Humboldt's 'Kosmos,' 51 ; Lotze's ' Microcosmus,' 

 52 ; What the mental life of mankind consists of, 55 ; Methods have 

 their day and cease to be, 56. 



III. Necessity of choosing a road, ''57^ No central event in our age, 58 ; Is 

 history of thought history of philosophy ? 60 ; Goethe's work involves 

 the deepest thought of the century, 61 ; Philosophy retrospective, 62 ; 

 Two questions, 63 ; Speculation, 64 ; Philosophy defined, 65 ; Division 

 of the book, 65 ; Neither science nor philosophy exhaust " thought," 66 ; 

 Thought also hidden in literature and art, 66 ; Goethe's and Words 

 worth's influence, 67 ; Unmethodical thoughJi^S^ Summed up in term 

 "religious thought,"(69 ; Science is exact/ 69 ; Subjective interests, 1 70) 

 Philosophy intermediate between exact science and religion/ 71 ; Three- 

 fold aspect of thought : scientific, philosophical, individual, 72 ; Difficult to 

 separate the three aspects, v7 4 ; French thought centred in science, 75); 

 State of philosophy in England, fB) ; Goethe's 'Faust' representative ofEne 

 thought of the century, 76 ) A period of ferment, 76 ; Caused by the 

 Revolution, 77 ; Thought of century partly radical, partly reactionary, 

 77; Byronic school, 78 ; Revolutionary theories, 79 ; Thought to be con- 

 sidered as a constructive power, 80 ; Darwin, Spencer, and Lotze, 81 ; 

 Romanticism, 82 ; Scientific thought to be dealt with first, 8i ; Hegel's 

 doctrine, 85. 



