270 SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT. 



science was cultivated at the different Scotch universities, 

 which supplied Oxford with a Professor of Astronomy 

 (preferred to Halley), in the person of David Gregory. 

 " David Gregory not only introduced the ' Principia ' to 

 Edinburgh students, but he also brought them to the 

 notice of Englishmen." 1 The Philosophical (afterwards 

 called the Eoyal) Society of Edinburgh was much in- 

 debted to Colin Maclaurin, 2 who almost alone with Landen 

 and Ivory maintained the reputation of British mathe- 

 maticians during seventy years, whilst the Continental 

 school was revolutionising that science. A successor to 

 Maclaurin in the mathematical chair at Edinburgh, John 

 Playfair, 3 introduced the Continental methods into the 

 studies of the Scotch universities about the end of the 

 so. last century. He was one of the early contributors to 

 burgh the ' Edinburgh Pteview/ which in politics, literature, 



Review.' 



and science inaugurated a new kind of criticism, and led 

 a powerful attack upon all those traditional forms of 

 government, taste, and learning which prevented the free 

 expansion of ideas and the progress of science and prac- 

 tical interests. Though not always judiciously used, the 



which the following two hundred the part of their university in ac- 



and eighty years have added no- ' cepting the Newtonian philosophy, 



thing" (Glaisher in 'Ency. Brit.,' j in spite of Whiston's testimony to 



9th ed., article " Napier "). j the contrary. See on this WhewelPs 



1 David Gregory (1661-1708) has j ' History of the Inductive Sciences,' 



"the honour of having been the j 3d ed., vol. ii. p. 149, &c. 



first to give public lectures on the 3 Colin Maclauriu (1698-1746) 



Newtonian philosophy. This he did | published, 1742, a ' Treatise on 



in Edinburgh five-and-thirty years ; Fluxions,' 2 vols. 4to. In 1740 he 



before these doctrines were accepted shared with Daniel Bernoulli and 



as part of the public instruction in 

 the university of their inventor " 

 (Sir A. Grant and Chrystal, loc. 

 cit., vol. ii. p. 296). Cambridge 

 writers, headed by Whewell, are 

 loath to admit any reluctance on 



Euler the prize of the French Aca- 

 demy for his ' Essay on the Tides.' 



3 John Playfair (1748-1819) was 

 Professor of Mathematics and then 

 (from 1805) of Natural Philosophy. 



