X CONTENTS. 



"Variation," 331 ; Malthus, 332 ; "Struggle for existence," 333 ; Out- 

 door studies, 334; "Natural selection" and "sexual selection," 336; 

 Meaning of natural classification, 336 ; Fertilisation of plants and 

 " Mimicry," 338 ; The judicial method, 339 ; Darwin and Newton 

 compared, 341 ; Unsolved problems, 343 ; Genetic view on a large 

 scale, 345 ; Philosophical theories, 346 ; Herbert Spencer, 346 ; Haeckel, 

 347 ; Combines Darwin and Lamarck, 350 ; Philosophical problems, 352 ; 

 Problem of life, 352 ; Genetic view strengthened by physics and chem- 

 istry, 355 ; The heat of the sun, 357 ; Spectrum Analysis, 359 ; Genesis 

 of the cosmos Faye and Lockyer, 360 ; Palaeontology and geophysics, 

 363 ; Dissipation of energy, 364 ; Mystery of the actual processes of 

 Nature, 366. 



CHAPTER X. 



ON THE VITALISTIC VIEW OF NATURE. 



The cosmical and the terrestrial views, 369 ; Vagueness of biological theories, 

 370 ; Impossibility of prediction, 372 ; Oscillation of biological thought, 

 374 ; The unknown factor, 375 ; The purely scientific aspect, 377 ; In- 

 fluence of medicine, 379 ; Practice urges the question : What is life ? 

 381 ; Bichat, 381 ; His Vitalism, 383 ; His definition of life, 383 ; Vital- 

 ism and Darwinism, 386 ; The extreme vitalism, 388 ; Attack from the 

 side of chemistry, 389 ; Change in organic chemistry, 393 ; Influence of 

 Liebig, 394 ; " Stoffwechsel " and "Kreislauf des Lebens," 395 ; "Auto- 

 nomy of the Cell," 395; "Division of Physiological Labour," 396; 

 Johannes Miiller, 397 ; Influence of doctrine of energy, 399 ; Mechanism, 

 399 ; Lotze and Du Bois-Reymond, 401 ; Liebig's vitalism, 405 ; Darwin, 

 406 ; Lotze and Claude Bernard, 409 ; Darwinism and final causes, 411 ; 

 " Natural result " against "purpose," 413; Organisation and individua- 

 tion, 415 ; Biology and economics, 415 ; The cellular theory, 417 ; 

 Schwann, 419; Circulation of matter and energy, 420; "Metabolism," 

 422 ; Structural analysis of morphological elements, 423 ; Synthesis of 

 organic substances, 425; The "physical" method, 428; Properties of 

 the living substance, 429 ; Environment, 430 ; The "internal medium," 

 432 ; Natural selection within the organism, 435 ; Mobility of living 

 matter, 438 ; Anabolism and Catabolism, 442 ; Reproduction, 443 ; The 

 protoplasmic theory, 444 ; Spencer's law of limit of growth, 445 ; Fusion 

 of two elements, 446 ; New problems, 448 ; Weismann on heredity, 450 ; 

 Biogenesis, 451 ; The ubiquity of life, 452 ; The continuity of living 

 forms, 453 ; " Pangenesis," 454 ; Germ-substance and body-substance, 

 457 ; Germ-plasma and body-plasma, 458 ; Differentiation of germ- 

 plasma, 459 ; Weismann v. Lamarck, 460 ; Two aspects of the problem 

 of life, 462 ; Transition to psycho-physics, 464. 



