786 



INDEX. 



i. 100 ; modern changes in c6nception 

 of, 221 ; impetus to study of, given 

 by French Revolution, 237 ; pre- 

 judices against, ii. 628 ; Sylvester 

 on, 629, 631 ; use of, 630 ; Huxley 

 on, ib. ; Lord Kelvin on, ib. ; Gauss 

 on, 631; Cayley on, ib. ; twofold 

 interest in, 632 ; origin of, 634 ; 

 Euler on, 657 ; Abel and Jacobi's 

 school of, ib. 



Mathurin, geometrical work of, i. 114. 



Matter and force mathematically de- 

 fined, i. 334. 



Matter, circulation of, ii. 420 ; living, 

 mobility of, 438. 



Matteucci, animal magnetism, ii. 475. 



Matthew, Patrick, 'Naval Timber and 

 Arboriculture,' ii. 334 ; 347. 



Maudsley, Dr H., ' Physiology and 

 Pathology of Mind,' ii. 512. 



Maupertuis followed Newton, i. 96 ; 

 referred to by Voltaire, 105 ; prin- 

 ciple of least (or stationary) action, 

 231 ; astronomical constants, 322. 



Maury, Alfred, ' Les Academies d'autre- 

 fois,' i. 90, 99, 105 ; quoted on Vol- 

 taire and scientific progress, 106 ; 

 quoted, 127, 135, 147, 148; 143; 

 226. 



Mauvein, i. 92. 



Maxwell, Transactions of Society of 

 Agriculture, i. 284. 



Maxwell, James Clerk-, on probabilities, 

 i. 120; 'Science and Freewill,' 124; 

 his theories followed up in Germany 

 and France, 251 ; and Faraday's 

 "lines of force," 266; contributions 

 to study of natural philosophy, 274 ; 

 'Heat,' 315, ii. 173; 'Electricity 

 and Magnetism,' i. 323 ; electric 

 theory, 344 ; " the astronomical 

 method," 347 ; ' Action at a Dis- 

 tance,' 348; 'Electrical Researches 

 of Cavendish,' 363; ' Physical Lines 

 of Force,' 372 ; 'Equilibrium of Elas- 

 tic Solids,' 379 ; Weber's theory, 380 ; 

 " energy " a substance, 388 ; ' Dynam- 

 ical Evidence of the Molecular Con- 

 stitution of Bodies ' quoted, 424 ; 

 kinetic theory of gases, 433, ii. 34 ; 

 the statistical view of nature, i. 438 ; 

 'Kinetics,' ii. 5; 'Scientific Papers' 

 quoted, 33, 175 ; treatise on elec- 

 tricity and magnetism, 35 ; followed 

 on the lines of Stokes, 55 ; quoted on 

 Rankine's theory of molecular vor- 

 tices, 62; "Atom," 'Encyclopaedia 

 Britannica,' 66 ; electro - magnetic 

 theory, 73, 153 ; labours of, 76 ; 



theory of electricity, 78 ; " tubes of 

 force," 80 ; electrotonic state of mat- 

 ter, 81 ; "Oil Physical Lines of Force," 

 82, 83 ; " elastic medium " in space, 

 84; "elastic disturbances" of that 

 medium, 85, 86 ; theory of energy, 

 87, 88, 89 ; indefiniteness of electro- 

 magnetic theory, 93 ; physical view 

 of nature, 141, 144 ; and Faraday's 

 views, 145 ; electro-magnetic field, 

 147 ; 148 ; theory of electro-dynam- 

 ical phenomena, 151 ; ' Theory of 

 Heat,' 167; Willard Gibbs, 172; 

 "available energy," 174; 179, 182; 

 triumphs of atomic view, 188 ; 191, 

 193 ; difficulties of his theories, 194 ; 

 Ampere, 341 ; statistical view, 574, 

 603 ; theory of probabilities, 590 ; 

 statistical methods, 592, 593 ; 

 " Sorting Demon," 594 ; quoted, 605, 

 606 ; on historical and statistical 

 methods, 613; 624 et seq., 630; on 

 vector analysis, 655. 



Mayer, A. M., Young's colour theory, 

 ii. 480. 



Mayer, Julius Robert, i. 218, 265, 309 ; 

 theory of energy, ii. 97 ; his work 

 theoretical, 99 ; scientific services of, 

 106 ; memoirs refused by Poggendorf, 

 107; measurement of "energy," 

 108 ; indestructibility of force, 111 ; 

 neglect of earlier writings of, 113, 

 114 ; his views extended and elabor- 

 ated by Thomson and Clausius, 116 ; 

 117 ; correlation and interchange- 

 ability of natural force, 119 ; per- 

 petual motion, 124 ; the dynamical 

 theory of heat, 128, 130 ; first phil- 

 osophical generalisations on power 

 and work, 137 ; " Kraft," 169 ; 207 ; 

 "energy," 355; meteoric theory of 

 the sun's heat, 357, 358 ; conserva- 

 tion of energy, 397 ; 398. 



Mayer, Tobias, Professor of Mathe- 

 matics and Economics at Gottingen, 

 i. 158 ; connection of, with modern 

 science, 175 ; 176 ; method of least 

 squares, 183 ; astronomical calcula- 

 tions of. 324 ; lunar theory, 329 ; 

 368. 



Measurements, Weber's fundamental, 

 i. 368. 



Mechain, i. 113. 



Mechanical view of nature, ii. 183. 



Mechanism, ii. 399. 



Meckel, anatomist, ii. 248 ; morphologi- 

 cal analogies, 250 ; 308 ; quoted by 

 Huxley, 348; law of "biogenesis," 

 349. 



