OF KNOWLEDGE. 415 



separation between the form and the content of 

 thought. This tendency is one of the most valuable 

 bequests of the Hegelian Logic, which in this respect 

 may be looked upon as the first brilliant attempt to 

 carry out an idea which in Germany was kept alive 

 by Lotze, and which was independently taken up at 

 first hand by students of Hegel in this country. In 

 both we find the desire to get at the deeper sense or 

 meaning of words, terms, and symbols, to which the 

 purely formal logicians, misled, not infrequently, by 

 the mathematical forms of reasoning, gave exclusive 

 attention. This is intimately connected with a second 

 important tendency according to which units of thought 

 are not to be found in distinct ideas, notions, or con- 

 cepts, but in judgments ; so that the older analytical 

 and atomising treatment, from which even Lotze did 

 not fully emancipate himself, must be abandoned in 

 favour of what I have termed the synoptic treat- 

 ment; all thought as well as all experience starting 

 from a " Together," which is, for practical and scientific 

 purposes, subjected to the processes of artificial analysis 

 and subsequent synthesis. In this respect more recent 

 treatment of logical theory in this country, perhaps 

 even more than abroad, falls in with that general 

 tendency of thought to which I have already had 

 occasion to refer in earlier chapters of this History. 



Whilst Lotze was working at a new conception of 69. 



Lotze and 



philosophy which has since been adopted by many spencer. 

 thinkers, Herbert Spencer in England, starting from 

 very different beginnings, put forward a definition of 

 philosophy which in some respects coincides with that 



