468 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



of Positivism, is not quite so original as has been 

 alleged. We find it everywhere during that age : with 

 Vicq - d'Azyr, who makes of psychology a branch of 

 physiology ; with Destutt de Tracy, whose ideology is 

 simply a chapter of zoology ; with Volney, who gives to 

 his ' Catechism of Natural Law ' the sub-title, ' Physical 

 Principles of Morality ' ; this is the last word of the 

 sensationalism of that age as also of that of the present 

 day." 1 



The " physicism " of Saint - Simon is further dis- 

 tinguished by the constitution of his supreme council of 

 twenty-one savants who have taken the place of the 

 deposed Pope and Cardinals and are elected by the 

 whole of humanity and presided over by a mathe- 

 matician. They will build a mausoleum sacred to the 

 memory of Newton. The principal mission of the great 

 council will be to study gravitation, the only law to 

 which the Universe is subjected, and to direct the peace- 

 ful labours of mankind ; for all men will have to work 

 either with their hands or their brains as belonging to 

 one and the same workshop. 



The opinions of Saint - Simon underwent material 

 changes in the course of his life. These are significantly 

 indicated by the titles of his writings. Thus we have 

 in 1807 an 'Introduction to the Scientific Labours of 

 the Nineteenth Century ' ; seven years later a ' Ee- 

 organisation of European Society ' ; seven years after 

 that a treatise ' On the Industrial System ' ; and four 



1 'Histoire de la Philosophie en etc.," 3 ed., p. 8. 

 France,' l re Partie, " Socialisme, 



