544 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



dustrial developments as they existed in this and 

 threatened his own country, Karl Marx saw the 

 remedy only in a complete political subversion of the 

 existing order. With him the social became a political 

 question. He did not examine, as others were begin- 

 ning to do, whether the premises upon which Malthus 

 and Ricardo based their deductions were correct. He 

 took them as established ; illustrating them merely by 

 a philosophy of history which, though lacking entirely 

 in originality, succeeded nevertheless in bringing home 

 to the popular mind the necessity of a great industrial 

 revolution. 



While Marx did little or nothing to solve the phil- 

 osophical problem of human society, he nevertheless 



78. influenced social philosophy in two directions. He 



Influence of 



his theory, worked into the hands of the historical school of poli- 

 tical economy and jurisprudence, which in Germany had 

 already collected much material wherewith to oppose 

 the theoretical and deductive school which for a time 

 ruled supreme in this country. And emanating, as it 

 does, from the philosophy of Hegel, of which it forms 

 a kind of materialistic paraphrase, the socialist doctrine 

 of Marx is nevertheless the only sociological theory 

 which has had important and far-reaching practical re- 

 sults, and this mainly because it is narrowly economic 

 and industrial. 



79. For we must recognise that the changes which have 



Influence of . . . . 



science and taken place in social ideas and in social order in all 



popular 



spirit civilised countries in the course of the nineteenth cen- 

 tury are enormous, and that the two main causes which 

 have brought them about are the progress and applica- 



