702 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



part of the philosophical interest of France and England 

 has been till quite recently absorbed in this labour, 

 it cannot be maintained that it has so far resulted 

 in any systematisation comparable to that which is 

 offered in the succeeding volumes of the ' Synthetic 

 Philosophy.' l 



Spencer shares with Hegel the merit of having 

 brought, in a definite form, the idea of development 

 before the mind of recent thinkers. It is also interest- 

 ing to note that both were, directly or indirectly, 

 influenced by that complex of ideas which had found in 

 Schelling and his immediate disciples an original but 

 vague and fluctuating expression. These ideas Hegel 

 deepened and reformed through his earlier theological, 

 historical, and logical studies. Spencer approached them 

 in the more definite form which they had acquired in 

 the writings of eminent physiologists of his day, notably 



states very clearly the fundamental as the sole business of natural 



conception of Ward's philosophy : science ; and . the one experience 



"First, we found experience used coming then to be regarded as ex- 



in a double sense : there is the j clusively subjective and the other 



experience, the living experience, as altogether objective, a clear line 



of a given individual, filled with emerges between the two, and the 



concrete events and shaped from dualism of Mind and Nature is the 



first to last by the paramount end result. But now, in the third 



of self-conservation and self-realisa- place, we have found that our 



tion. There is also experience primary, concrete experience inva- 



generally Experience with a riably implies both subjective ,and 



capital E, the common empirical objective factors, and seems to 



knowledge of the race, the result involve these, not as separable and 



entirely of intersubjective inter- independent elements, but as or- 



course, systematized and formulated ganically cooperant members of 



by means of abstract conceptions. one whole. If they bear this 



Next, we found grounds for suspect- character throughout, then logical 



ing that dualism has arisen from distinction of these factors is pos- 



misconception and ignorance as to sible but not their actual dis- 



the relation of these two senses of I memberment ; there is duality but 



experience. Experience in the first no dualism." (Vol. ii. p. 152.) 



sense being relegated to psychology, I ] Certainly not within the period 



experience in the second remained | of this History. 



