THE EATIONALE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 755 



find out in what manner and to what extent Hegel had 

 been able to substantiate this, his leading conception. 

 It is clear that this task involved a great many separate 

 problems, and that these problems were not altogether 

 identical with those formulated by Hegel's disciples and 

 followers in Germany. There, if we disregard the nega- 

 tive side of the movement, the influence of Hegel showed 

 itself in two very different directions. 



They were represented by the school of historical 

 research in which the history of philosophy and, in 

 general, the history of ideas, played a prominent part ; 

 and, distinct from this, by a revival of the study of logic, 

 by a criticism of Hegel's dialectic from within and a 

 return to the Kantian position. In this country the 

 studies of Hegel's doctrine took a different direction : 

 they were mainly prompted by an ethical interest, a 

 conviction that the growing influence of Utilitarianism 

 tended to destroy the spiritual side of morality, reducing 

 ethics to a sort of Calculus which took little or no notice 

 of the emotional element in human nature. This was 

 indeed felt by some of the Utilitarians themselves: in 

 different ways by Mill and the followers of Comte in this 

 country. 



But the leaders of what has been termed Transcen- 

 dentalism felt the necessity of meeting the rising tide 

 of the naturalistic and negative thought, and of utilising 

 the results gained by scientific thought, in some better 

 way than the older apologetic literature had done. A 

 new intellectual basis had to be found. James Mar- 

 tineau and T. H. Green both worked with this object in 

 view, but only the latter succeeded in arousing sufficient 



