LESSON XXXIV 



ANGIOSPERMS 



To this group belong all the commoner herbs and shrubs 

 as well as trees other than Gymnosperms, such as palms, 

 oaks, elms, beeches, poplars, &c. There are two sub- 

 divisions of the group which must be mentioned, because 

 of the necessity of referring to them later on : they are the 

 Dicotyledons, so called because of the presence of two coty- 

 ledons or seed-leaves in the phyllula, and the Monocotyledons ', 

 in which only a single seed-leaf is present. Among Dico- 

 tyledons are included the large majority of wild and garden 

 flowers, as well as most of the angiospermous trees : the 

 best known Monocotyledons are the lilies and their allies, 

 the various kinds of narcissus, orchids, grasses, and palms. 



The general relations of the main parts of the plant 

 stem, root, leaves, &c. are the same as in Gymnosperms, as 

 may be seen by comparing a wallflower, an elm, a poplar, 

 and a lily, taken as examples of dicotyledonous herbs, of 

 dicotyledonous trees, and of Monocotyledons respectively. 

 In the lily, however, as in Monocotyledons generally, there 

 is no primary root, but a great number of equal-sized root- 

 fibres springing from the base of the stem. 



In Dicotyledons the arrangement of the tissues is the 

 same as in Gymnosperms (p. 448) : the vascular bundles 



