500 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Primor'dial utricle, 196, 207 



PrOCtodae'um (rrpw/CTos, the anus : bSaios, 

 belonging to a way), and ectodermal 

 pouch wfiich unites with the enteron and 

 forms the posterior end of the enteric 

 canal, its external aperture being the 

 permanent anus, 296 



Pro-nucleus, female, 259, 459 : male, 

 260, 459 : conjugation of male and fe- 

 male, 260, 459 



Prostom'ium(7rpo, before : O-TOJUIOP, a little 

 mouth), the first or pre-oral segment in 

 worms, &c., 268, 293 



PROT'AMCEBA (irpwros, first : i|uoi/3ds, 

 changing), 9 (Figure). 



Prothal'lUS (npo, before : 0aAAos, a twig), 

 the gamobium of vascular plants : Fern, 

 425 : dimorphism of in Equisetum, 438 : 

 reduction of in Salvinia, 440, 442 ; 

 Selaginella, 444, and Gymnosperms, 458 ; 

 retarded development of in Angiosperms, 

 476 



ProthallUS, secondary, Selaginella, 445 



Prot'eidS (rrpwro?, first), composition of, 5 



Protist'a (npuTio-ros, the first of all), the 

 lowest organisms, intermediate between 

 the lowest undoubted animals and plants, 

 182 



ProtOCOC'CUS(7rpwTo?, first: KOKKOS, berry). 

 See Hsematococcus. 



PROTOMYX'A (n-pwTos, first : juua, 

 mucus) : Figure, 50 : occurrence and 

 general characters, 49 : life-history, 51 : 

 animal or plant? 181 



Protonem'a(7rpu>Tos, first: v^a, a thread), 

 Moss, 404, 408 



Prot'oplasm (Trpwros, first : 7rAaa>xa, any- 

 thing moulded), composition of, 5 : pro- 

 perties of, 5 : micro-chemical tests for, 

 7 : minute structure of, 62 : continuity 

 of in Fern, 418: in Polygordius, 280: 

 intra- and extra-capsular, Radiolaria, 



!52 



Protopodite (TTPU>T<K, first: TTOVS foot), 323 



Protozoa, the, 305 



Proximal (/;\vinms, nearest), the end 

 nearest the point of attachment or or- 

 ganic base, e.g. in the stalk of Vorticella, 

 126 



Pseud ppod (>//ev6rjs, false : JTOV?, foot), 

 described, 4 : comparison of with cilium, 

 34,52: in columnar epithelium, 59: in 

 endoderm cells of Hydra, 228 



PteriS. See Ferns. 



Punctum vegetationis. See Growing 



point. 

 Putrefaction (/>ntref,>n\>. to make rotten) 



nature of, 82 : a process of fermentation, 



91 : conditions of temperature, moisture, 



&c., 93 

 Putre scent (flnt>-esco, to gro\\- n.itfn) 



solution, characters of, 37, 82 

 Putrescible infusion, sterilization <.f. 99 

 Pyloric division. S.-e Stomach. 



Pyren'Oid (n-upr/f, the stone of stone-fruit : 

 eiSo? form), a small mass of proteid 

 material invested by starch, 27 



Radial symmetry, starfish. 306 



RADIOLAR IA (radius, a spoke or ray): 

 Figures, 152, 153: occurrence and 

 general characters, 152 : central capsule, 

 152 : intra- and extra-capsular pro- 

 toplasm, 152 : silicious skeleton, 152 : 

 symbiotic relations with Zooxanthella. 



Rect'um (intestinum rectum, the straiglit 

 gut), the posterior or anal division of the 

 enteric canal, 278 



Redi, Francisco (Italian savant), experi* 

 ments on biogenesis, 97 



Reducing division, 256, 260 

 Reflex action, 286 

 Reproduction, necessity for. 19 

 Reproductive organ. See Gomel. 

 Reservoir of contractile vacuole, Euglena, 



47 

 Respiration : Amoeba, 17 : Polygordius. 



280 



Respiratory caeca, Starfish, 308 

 Rhiz'0id(pia, root :elos, form): Nitella, 



205, 2ii : Moss, 403 : prothallus of Fern, 



423. 43 



Root, Fern, 421, 427 : Gynmosperms, 448 

 Root-cap, 422 

 Root-hairs, 421 

 ROSS, Alexander, on abiogenetic origin of 



mice, insects, &c., 96 

 Rostrum (rostrum, beak), 321 

 Rotation of protoplasm, 207 



Rudiment, rudimentary (riidintcntnin. a 

 beginning), the early stage of a part or 

 organ : often used for a structure which 

 has undergone partial atrophy, but in 

 such cases the word vestige (if. v.) is 

 more suitable. 



SACCHAROMY CES (<rdKxa.poi>, sugar : 

 IU.UK17S, fungus): Figure, 72 : occurrence, 

 71: structure, 71: budding, 73: in- 

 ternal fission, 74 : nutrition, 75 : alco- 

 holic fermentation caused by, 75 : experi- 

 ments on nutrition of. 78, 80 : animal 

 or plant? 182 



SALVIN'IA : Figures. 439, 441: general 

 characters, 438 : mega- and micro-spor- 

 angia and spores, 440 : male and female 

 prothalli and gonads, 442 : development 

 and alternation of generations, 442 



Saprophyt'ic (<rajrp6s, putrid : <VTOI', a 

 plant) nutrition, defined, 39 



Schulze's solution, test for cellulose, . . 

 for lignin. 41^ 



