184 FKAGMENTS OF SCIENCE. 



The adjustments also extend in time, covering con- 

 tinually greater intervals. Along with this extension 

 in space and time the adjustments also increase in 

 speciality and complexity, passing through the various 

 grades of brute life, and prolonging themselves into the 

 domain of reason. Very striking are Mr. Spencer's 

 remarks regarding the influence of the sense of touch 

 upon the development of intelligence. This is, so to 

 say, the mother-tongue of all the senses, into which 

 they must be translated to be of service to the organism. 

 Hence its importance. The parrot is the most in- 

 telligent of birds, and its tactual power is also greatest. 

 From this sense it gets knowledge, unattainable by 

 birds which cannot employ their feet as hands. The 

 elephant is the most sagacious of quadrupeds- its 

 tactual range and skill, and the consequent multipli- 

 cation of experiences, which it owes to its wonderfully 

 adaptable trunk, being the basis of its sagacity. Feline 

 animals, for a similar cause, are more sagacious than 

 hoofed animals, atonement being to some extent made 

 in the case of the horse, by the possession of sensitive 

 prehensile lips. In the Primates the evolution of 

 intellect and the evolution of tactual appendages go 

 hand in hand. In the most intelligent anthropoid apes 

 we find the tactual range and delicacy greatly augmented, 

 new avenues of knowledge being thus opened to the 

 animal. Man crowns the edifice here, not only in virtue 

 of his own manipulatory power, but through the enor- 

 mous extension of his range of experience, by the 

 invention of instruments of precision, which serve as 

 supplemental senses and supplemental limbs. The 

 reciprocal action of these is finely described and illus- 

 trated That chastened intellectual emotion to which 

 I have referred in connection with Mr. Darwin, is not 

 absent in Mr. Spencer. His illustrations possess at 



