364 FKAGMENTS OF SCIENCE. 



which we inflict. On the homely principle that u a 

 burnt child dreads the fire," it will make you think 

 twice before venturing on a repetition of your crime. 

 Observe, finally, the consistency of our conduct. You 

 offend, you say, because you cannot help offending, to 

 the public detriment. We punish, is our reply, because 

 we cannot help punfshing, for the public good. Prac- 

 tically, then, as Bishop Butler predicted, we act as the 

 world acted when it supposed the evil deeds of its cri- 

 minals to be the products of free-will.' l 



'What,' I have heard it argued, 'is the use of 

 preaching about duty, if a man's predetermined posi- 

 tion in the moral world renders him incapable of pro- 

 fiting by advice? ' Who knows that he is incapable? 

 The preacher's last word is a factor in the man's conduct, 

 and it may be a most important factor, unlocking moral 

 energies which might otherwise remain imprisoned and 

 unused. If the preacher thoroughly feel that words of 

 enlightenment, courage, and admonition enter into the 

 list of forces employed by Nature herself for man's 

 amelioration, since she gifted man with speech, he will 

 suffer no paralysis to fall upon his tongue. Dung the 

 fig-tree hopefully, and not until its barrenness has been 

 demonstrated beyond a doubt let the sentence go forth, 

 * Cut it down, why cumbereth it the ground ? ' 



I remember when a youth in the town of Halifax, 

 some two-and-thirty years ago, attending a lecture 

 given by a young man to a small but select audience. 

 The aspect of the lecturer was earnest and practical, 

 and his voice soon rivetted attention. He spoke of 

 duty, defining it as a debt owed, and there was a kind- 

 ling vigour in his words which must have strengthened 



1 An eminent Church dignitary describes all this, not unkindly, 

 as 'truculent logic.' 1 think it worthy of his Grace's graver con* 

 side ration. 



