400 BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 



"All of these became tuberculous, and that more rapidly 

 than after inoculation with tuberculous material. The 

 tubercles produced in these cases were infec- 

 tive and produced tuberculosis in other animals. 

 On examination of tuberculous material, Koch's 

 bacilli are always found, though in varying num- 

 bers. They are most numerous in bovine tuber- 

 culosis, and least numerous in human tuberculosis. 

 About eighty organs of tuberculous animals and 

 thirty-six cases of human tuberculosis were ex- 

 amined, and in all of these, without exception, 

 tubercle bacilli were found." 1 



TYPHOID FEVER. The established facts relating 

 to the origin of isolated cases and local epidemics 

 of typhoid fever all point to the existence of a 

 contagium vivum capable of self-multiplication ex- 

 ternal to the human body, and which commonly 

 gains access to the intestinal canal of those at- 

 tacked with the disease through the ingestion of 

 infected material, and especially of unboiled fluids, 

 particularly of water and milk. It is generally 

 recognized that the infective agent is contained in 

 the stools of typhoid patients, and that it may in- 

 crease indefinitely in a proper pabulum, and under 

 favorable conditions as to temperature, when these 

 stools are carelessly mixed with organic material 

 in cess-pools, privy-vaults, etc. 



There is nothing in the clinical history of the 



1 Quoted from abstract in " Braithwaite's Retrospect," Part LXXX VII. 

 p. 73. 



