BACTERIA AND DISEASE 313 



" 6. Leprosy, in the great majority of cases, originates de novo, 

 that is, from a sequence or concurrence of causes and conditions 

 dealt with in the Report, and which are related to each other in 

 ways at present imperfectly known." 



The practical suggestions of the Commission for prevent- 

 ive treatment included voluntary isolation, prohibition of 

 the sale of articles of food by lepers, leper farms, orphan- 



DIPLOCOCCUS OF PNEUMONIA 



ages, and " improved sanitation and good dietetic condi- 

 tions " generally. Serum-therapy has been attempted on 

 behalf of the French Academy of Medicine, but without 

 success. Many forms of treatment ameliorate the miserable 

 condition of the leper, but up to the present no curative 

 agent has been found. 



Pneumonia. Some of the difficulty which has surrounded 

 the bacteriology of inflammation of the lungs is due to the 

 confusion arising from supposing that attacks of the disease 

 differed only in degree. Pneumonia, however, has various 

 forms, arising now from one cause, now from another. The 

 specific or croupous pneumonia is associated with two organ- 

 isms: Fraenkel's diplococcus and Friedlander's pneumo- 

 bacillus. Several other bacteria have from time to time 

 been held responsible for pneumonia, a streptococcus re- 



