in.] CHOLERAIC COMMA-BACILLI. 53 



35-37 C. earlier, many comma-bacilli and spirilla are met 

 with in which the protoplasm has become granular, and they 

 can be traced into forms in which the granules have become 

 free, leaving the pale sheath behind. A careful examination 

 leaves no doubt that these granules which in old cultures 

 are met with in masses, are the debris of dead organisms. 

 Hueppe describes the presence in the single comma-bacilli, 



FIG. 12. PREPARATION OF A PURE CULTIVATION OF CHOLERAIC COMMA-BACILLI 

 IN AGAR-AGAR MEAT -EXTRACT PPETONE, SEVERAL MONTHS OLD. 



1. Semicircular forms. 



2. Circular forms. 



3. Spirilla. 

 Magnifying power about 1,400. 



and in the spiral forms, and in a free state, of granules which 

 he maintains to be spores (Arthrospores), having, he states, 

 observed them in a few instances to germinate again into 

 comma-bacilli. Bearing in mind that, as we have already 

 shown (p. 45), the comma-bacilli in all forms show at the 

 outset a differentiation between protoplasmic contents and 



