v.] VARIOUS SPECIES OF COMMA-BACILLI. 105 



specimens made from gelatine tubes several weeks old 

 there are found single commas and S- sna P e d forms, and 

 wavy and spiral organisms. The latter are very interesting, 

 inasmuch as many are made up of several very closely- 

 twisted turns in the middle, while the ends are only slightly 

 wavy. Examples of these forms are shown in Fig. 32. 



VII. Dr. Emil Weibel has during the last two years 

 described a number of different species of comma-bacilli 

 (Centralblatt fur Barter iologie und Parasitenkunde, II. Bd., 

 No. 16., IV. Bd., Nos. 8, 9, 10). 



Von Emmerich (Archivfilr Hygiene, Bd. Ill, p. 3 5 8) had 

 already drawn attention to the prevalent occurrence of 

 comma-bacilli or vibriones in various substances rich in mucus 

 (the mucous faeces of helix) and he thought that probably 

 owing to the presence of the mucus-flakes in cholera- A siatica 

 the comma-bacilli multiply so readily in this disease. 



Weibel has followed this up and has isolated and 

 cultivated comma-bacilli from the nasal mucus. He 

 describes and figures this vibrio and found that it does 

 not liquefy the gelatine. Similarly he describes and figures 

 two species of comma-bacilli, which he isolated and cul- 

 tivated in pure cultures made of putrid hay infusion, vibrio 

 saprophyles a and /3 ; neither of them liquefy the gelatine. 



Another species which did not liquefy gelatine was 

 isolated by Weibel from the mucus of the tongue ; further 

 he isolated a vibrio saprophyles y from mud of drains, and 

 finally he isolated three species whose growths are 

 conspicuous by their yellow colour: vibrio aureus, vibrio 

 flavus, and vibrio flavescens. 



Gamalei'a (Annales de V Institut Pasteur, 1888, No. 9, 

 p. 482) states that an acute fatal disease affecting fowls in 

 Odessa during the summer months, similar to, but not 



