v.] VARIOUS SPECIES OF COMMA-BACILLI. 109 



for twenty-four hours, and then water containing the 

 choleraic comma-bacilli be introduced into the stomach, the 

 comma-bacilli can be recovered by cultivation from the 

 contents of the jejunum and ileum four hours after, proving 

 that the comma-bacilli have passed the stomach in a living 

 state. If, however, they are given to the animal in milk 

 under the same condition, they cannot be recovered by 

 cultivation from the small intestine. 



Koch in his first memoir has given us the results of 

 numerous systematic experiments made with regard to the 

 influence on the growth of the comma-bacilli of the absence 

 and presence of oxygen, with regard to the influence of 

 sufficient or deficient nutriment, and especially with certain 

 substances, such as alcohol, iodine, carbolic acid, cupric 

 sulphate, quinine, corrosive sublimate, &c. Van Ermengem 

 in his book states that he has repeated these experiments. 



Hueppe has grown the choleraic comma-bacilli within the 

 hen's egg and has found that they, as well as the comma-bacilli 

 of Finkler, as also those of Deneke, are capable of growing 

 luxuriantly under these conditions, as also when growing 

 after Reichert's method, i.e. exclusion of all free oxygen, thus 

 showing that the comma-bacilli can grow well anaerobically. 

 One striking result of Hueppe's experiments was the 

 demonstration that all these three species of comma-bacilli 

 form sulphurated hydrogen when grown in egg. 



Another remarkable fact to be again referred to further 

 below was the production in egg by the three kinds of 

 comma-bacilli (Koch, Finkler, Deneke,) of a highly toxic 

 chemical virus, far more distinct and striking than what is 

 taking place in gelatine cultures or broth cultures (see below.) 



I have myself made some experiments on the choleraic 

 comma-bacilli and other bacteria with phenyl-propionic and 

 phenyl-acetic acid, with perchloride of mercury and with 



