CONTENTS. 



Part I. PAaE . 



Introduction 9 



Earlier comparisons of respiration apparatus 10 



Apparatus and technique used in the present study 12 



Bed respiration calorimeter 14 



Benedict universal respiration apparatus 21 



Tension-equalizer unit 21 



General plan of apparatus 21 



Description and use of parts 22 



General routine of an experiment 33 



Spirometer unit 34 



General plan of apparatus 34 



Description and use of parts 35 



General routine of an experiment 45 



Oxygen supply for the universal respiration apparatus 46 



Zuntz-Geppert method ' 53 



Description and use of parts of apparatus 53 



General routine of an experiment 60 



Tissot method 61 



Description and use of parts of apparatus 61 



General routine of an experiment 66 



Douglas method 67 



Mueller valves 70 



Haldane gas-analysis apparatus 70 



Laboratory form 71 



Description of parts 71 



Method of use 74 



Care of the apparatus 77 



Testing the apparatus 78 



Portable form 78 



Hand spirometer 79 



Apparatus for alcohol check-tests of the Tissot method 80 



Part II. 



Comparisons of respiratoiy exchange as measured by different types of apparatus . . 83 

 Bed respiration calorimeter and Benedict respiration apparatus (tension-equalizer 



unit) : 85 



Statistics of experiments 86 



Discussion of results 91 



Sources of error in experiments with the bed calorimeter 101 



Sources of error in experiments with the Benedict respiration apparatus .... 104 



Differences in the individual comparisons 107 



The two types of the Benedict respiration apparatus (the tension-equalizer unit 



and the spirometer unit) Ill 



Statistics of experiments 112 



Discussion of results 113 



Zuntz-Geppert respiration apparatus and Benedict respiration apparatus (tension- 

 equalizer unit) 119 



Statistics of experiments 120 



Discussion of results 123 



Zuntz-Geppert respiration apparatus and Benedict respiration apparatus (spi- 

 rometer unit) 129 



Statistics of experiments 129 



Discussion of results 136 



Tissot apparatus and Benedict respiration apparatus (tension-equalizer unit) .... 144 



Statistics of experiments 145 



Discussion of results 146 



3 



