82 Domesday and Feudal Statistics 



Fountains (1135), as to the authenticity of which 

 no comment is here made. I would here remark 

 that altho' auxilium and scutagium present different 

 ideas to the modern historical critic, they can some- 

 times be shown to be terms synonymous ; and as un- 

 fortunately the scribes of elder times were debarred 

 from having any conception of the precise meaning 

 of technical terms in the 2oth century, latter day 

 students might with becoming humility endeavour 

 to attain the exact usage of words when they were 

 written. Thus the aid to ransom Ric. I. is a 

 Scutage in the Pipe Rolls, and quite properly so 

 called by Alex, de Swereford : likewise the aid to 

 marry (of 19 Hen. III.) is called both auxilium 

 and scutagium : the writ is printed in Brady and 

 Select Charters (p. 364) and reference to the Testa 

 de Nevill will (I think) plainly demonstrate the 

 object of the collection, and the use of either term 

 indeed the writ itself mentions the aid, subse- 

 quently calling same the aforesaid escuage ; and 

 further the Scutage of Gascony is distinctly called 

 an aid on p. 4 1 2 of the Testa de N. ; reference to 

 the same vol. (pp. 166, 169, 257-8, 263-6, 277, 

 349, and 416 with 357 for W. Patric's Charter), 

 and collation with the writ, noting the dates and 

 tax per fee, should put the matter beyond question. 

 Early I do not think, there is in the Pipe Rolls exist- 



of 'feudal m g prior, to 14 Hen. II. any sufficient material to 

 obligations, construct even an approximately complete list of 



defective. . rr / r 



the services due by the lay tenants or the Crown ; 

 nor can I find the Exchequer had any ample guide 

 towards assessing the aid of 1168. Now altho' 

 the daughter of Hen. II. was not married till 



