250 Effective Farming 



which they can be killed. The life histories of the pests have 

 been studied by scientists and the best time to combat each of 

 them has been determined. To aid the orchardist, spray 

 schedules are prepared. A general schedule of sprayings for 

 apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quinces, apricots, cur- 

 rants, gooseberries, and grapes is given on the next few pages. 

 With the exception of the part dealing with grapes, it has been 

 reviewed by John W. Roberts, in charge of orchard spraying 

 experiment in the Office of Fruit Disease Investigations of the 

 United States Department of Agriculture. The schedule for 

 grapes is from a Government publication. The descriptions 

 of most of the pests are given in the last part of the chapter. 



SPRAY SCHEDULES 



Apples 

 First Spraying. 



During the dormant season preferably just as the leaf-buds are 

 swelling, but before they are open, spray with lime sulfur solution that 

 has been diluted to a specific gravity of 1.03. To each fifty gallons of 

 spray material add two pounds of arsenate of lead paste. The lime 

 sulfur is for the San Jose scale and the arsenate of lead is for the leaf 

 blister-mite, the bud-moth, and the cigar-case bearer. This spray is 

 often called the dormant spray. 



Second Spraying. 



About the time the fruit blossoms start to look pink at the tips, but 

 before they are open, spray with lime sulfur diluted to 1.007 specific 

 gravity, with two pounds of arsenate of lead paste added to each fifty 

 gallons of spray material. This spray is to combat the bud-moth, the 

 cigar-case bearer, the canker-worm, the tent-caterpillar, and the apple- 

 scab. The scab is combated, because the lime sulfur is a fungicide as 

 well as an insecticide. This spray is often omitted in commercial 

 orcharding, but it usually pays in the home orchard. 



Third Spraying. 



After about two-thirds of the petals have fallen from the trees, spray 

 with the same mixture as given for the second spray. This is to control 

 the codlin-moth, canker-worms, the bud-moth, apple-scab, and the leaf- 

 spot. This spray should never be omitted, as it is the most important 

 of all. 



