Fruit-growing 255 



Grape Vines 



The principal insect enemies of the grape are the grape-berry moth, 

 the grape root-worm, the rose chafer, the grape leaf-folder, and the 

 eight-spotted forester, all of which are eating insects ; and the grape 

 leaf-hopper and the brown grape aphis, sucking insects. The prin- 

 cipal diseases which attack grapes are black-rot, downy mildew, pow- 

 dery mildew, and anthracnose. 



The use of combination spray solutions containing chemicals which 

 act as insecticides or fungicides is advocated. 



First Spraying. 



About a week before the blossoms open, or when the shoots are 

 twelve to eighteen inches long, spray with bordeaux mixture, 4-3-50, 

 for fungous diseases, adding two to three pounds of arsenate of lead 

 paste, or one half that quantity of the powdered form, for flea-beetle, 

 rose chafer, and the like. 



Second Spraying. 



Just after the blossoms fall, spray with the same materials as in the 

 first application for the same fungous diseases and insects and for the 

 grape-berry moth, grape leaf-folder, and adults of the grape root-worm. 



Third Spraying. 



About two weeks later, use bordeaux mixture 4-3-50, arsenate of lead 

 paste two to three pounds, 40 per cent nicotine sulfate one part to 1500 

 parts of the spray mixture, for fungous diseases, berry moth, eight- 

 spotted forester, grape leaf -folder, brown grape aphis, grape root-worm, 

 and grape leaf-hopper. To destroy the leaf-hopper, direct the spray 

 against the lower surface of the leaves. To control the berry moth 

 thoroughly, coat the grape bunches with the spray. 



Fourth Spraying. 



About ten days later or when the fruit is nearly grown, if black- 

 rot or mildew are still appearing, spray with neutral copper sulfate or 

 verdigris at the rate of one pound to fifty gallons of water. 



147. Cultural methods. When establishing a fruit planta- 

 tion, the nursery stock must be purchased, but later a grower 

 may produce to advantage at least a part of what he requires. 

 The best advice that can be given concerning buying from a 

 nursery is to deal with a reliable firm and order long enough 

 ahead to enable them to fill the order from good stock. In- 

 ferior nursery stock should always be avoided. 



