Fruit-growing 271 



QUESTIONS 



1. How are fruit plants classified by Bailey? 



2. Why should land that is to be planted to fruit-trees be well 

 drained ? 



3. What is air drainage and why is it an important factor in fruit- 

 growing ? 



4. Define pruning and tell why we prune trees. 



5. Why should stubs of limbs not be left on a tree ? Tell how to 

 remove a limb without splitting the bark of the parent limb. 



6. What kind of insecticide is used to kill insects with biting 

 mouths? With sucking mouths? 



7. Define fungicide and name the chief kinds used by fruit-growers. 



8. Why should fruit-trees be planted not too close together? 



9. Tell how to plant a nursery tree. 



10. Why must fruit be handled carefully when harvested? 



11. Give the life history of the San Jose scale and tell how to combat 

 this pest. 



12. How may the number of wormy apples in an orchard be re- 

 duced ? 



13. Describe the method /)f combating the peach-tree borer. 



14. Name two diseases of the apple and tell how they are kept in 

 control in an orchard. 



15. What spray preparation is used for brown-rot ? 



EXERCISES 



1. Boiled lime sulfur solution. One of the best materials now 

 recognized for spraying deciduous trees infested with scale insects is 

 boiled lime sulfur solution. It is also useful in controlling several other 

 pests. The solution is cheap and not injurious to the trees or shrubs 

 to which it is applied, and in addition to being an insecticide, it acts 

 as a fungicide in controlling such diseases as scab, leaf-spot, and allied 

 fungous troubles. 



The term boiled lime sulfur solution is applied to any solution of 

 lime and sulfur that has been produced by boiling the ingredients 

 together over the fire or by the use of steam. The boiling causes the 

 lime and sulfur to form a chemical combination consisting usually of 

 several calcium sulfides. The particular sulfides formed depend on 

 the formula used in the preparation of the solution. When a large 

 proportion of lime is used, the lower calcium sulfides result ; when the 

 proportion of lime is small, the higher sulfides are formed. The 



