272 Effective Farming 



lower sulfides crystallize when cold and, therefore, it is advisable to use 

 a large proportion of lime, in fact, an excess. 



What is known as concentrated lime sulfur solution is the kind of 

 boiled solution now most generally used by orchardists. This can 

 be stored without crystallizing and used when required. The con- 

 centrated solution can be purchased from dealers or it can be made on 

 the farm. When purchased it is known as commercial lime sulfur 

 solution. 



The formula most used at the present time in making the concen- 

 trated solution is one pound of quicklime and two pounds of sulfur to 

 each gallon of water. These proportions are likely to form the higher 

 calcium sulfides. The ingredients are boiled until the sulfur is dis- 

 solved. Usually this requires an hour or a little less. A good rule to 

 follow is to boil for fifty minutes, then stir the material to see if the 

 sulfur is dissolved. The material should not be boiled more than an 

 hour or certain insoluble compounds are likely to be formed. 



Two exercises are outlined here one the making of the solution in 

 the school laboratory and the other the making of it out of doors. 

 For the laboratory exercise will be needed one pound of quicklime, 

 two pounds of powdered sulfur, one gallon of water, a vessel in which 

 to boil the ingredients (about two-gallon capacity), a cover for the 

 vessel, a sieve through which to pass the sulfur, and a paddle or a glass 

 rod for stirring the mixture. For the out-door exercise the equipment 

 required is fifty pounds of quicklime, one hundred pounds of sulfur, 

 galvanized washtub, boards for cover to the tub, two iron rods about 

 five feet long and of sufficient strength when suspended horizontally 

 to support the tub and contents, a hoe or paddle for stirring the mix- 

 ture, a sieve, and several flat stones. 



Any good grade of fresh quicklime can be used. Air-slaked or 

 water-slaked lime can be used, but twice the quantity of air-slaked 

 and three times the quantity of water-slaked are required. Commer- 

 cial, or powdered, sulfur is satisfactory for making the spray. 



For the laboratory exercise pour the water into the vessel, place over 

 the heat, drop in the lime, and rub the sulfur through the sieve and 

 into the vessel. Stir the materials to make the water cover the sulfur. 

 As the water heats and the lime slakes, the lime and sulfur will start 

 to unite. When the temperature of the mixture has reached the boil- 

 ing point, notice the time and continue the boiling for fifty minutes. 

 Keep the vessel closed ; higher temperature will be gained and higher 

 sulfides will result. After the ingredients have boiled for fifty minutes, 

 stir the material and see if any uncombined material is present. If 

 sulfur is seen boil for ten minutes longer. When the boiling is complete 



