CHAPTER XVI 

 BEEF AND DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE 



Types of cattle. 

 Conformation of beef animals. 

 Conformation of dual-purpose animals. 

 Breeds of beef cattle. 



Shorthorn, Polled Durham, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Aber- 

 deen-Angus, Galloway. 

 Breeds of dual-purpose cattle. 



Dual-purpose Shorthorns, Red Poll, Devon. 

 Market classes and grades of beef cattle. 

 Feeding of beef cattle. 

 Rations for beef cattle. 



THE number of beef cattle in the United States has greatly 

 decreased in recent years. As a result, high prices are paid for 

 good beef animals ; this has caused a greater interest in the pro- 

 duction of beef and many farmers are now going into this line 

 of work. Until recently, the Central States and the western 

 plains produced most of the beef cattle of the country, but now 

 many herds are to be found in the East and the South. 



176. Types of cattle. Cattle kept primarily for the pro- 

 duction of beef are known as beef cattle ; those kept primarily 

 for the production of milk, as dairy cattle ; and those kept 

 for the production of both beef and milk, as dual-purpose cattle. 

 Beef cattle have been carefully developed with the idea of pro- 

 ducing a maximum quantity of best quality beef. The cows 

 give milk enough for their calves, but little more. Beef ani- 

 mals are not satisfactory for milk production. Dairy cattle 

 have been developed for the secretion of large quantities of 

 milk and are undesirable for beef. Dual-purpose cattle have 



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