Beef and Dual-purpose Cattle 



335 



been developed to produce females that will yield a fair quantity 

 of milk and bear offspring that are desirable for beef. This 

 chapter deals with beef and dual-purpose animals, discussion 

 of dairy cattle being reserved for a later chapter. The ex- 

 ternal parts of the beef and dual-purpose animals are indicated 

 in Figs. 130 and 131. 



177. Conformation of beef animals. Cattle belonging to 

 the beef class should possess a certain conformation of body. 



FIG. 130. Points of beef cattle, side view. 1, muzzle; 2, mouth; 3, nostril; 

 7, eye; 8, ear ; 9, poll; 10, horn ; 11, neck; 12, throat; 13, dewlap; 14, top 

 of neck or crest; 16, top of shoulder; 17, shoulder; 18, point of shoulder; 

 19, arm ; 20, shank ; 21, brisket ; 22, topline ; 23, crops ; 25, ribs, or barrel ; 

 26, fore flank ; 27, back, or chine ; 28, loin ; 29, hind flank ; 30, underline, 

 or bottom line; 31, hip, point of hip, hook, or hook bone; 32, rump; 

 33, tailhead ; 35, buttocks ; 36, thigh ; 38, hock ; 40, navel. 



They are short in the neck and legs, broad and deep in 

 body, well filled along the back, with a good spring of rib, 

 and straight top and bottom lines. When viewed from the 

 side, the body approaches a parallelogram in shape, as indi- 

 cated by the lines in Fig. 132. The butcher desires an 



