Beef and Dual-purpose Cattle 



339 



in the Polled Durham herd-book, but as they were not pure- 

 bred Shorthorns they were not eligible for registry in the 

 American Shorthorn herd-book. The double-standard ani- 

 mals were produced by breeding pure-bred Shorthorn hornless 

 cows to - pure-bred Shorthorn bulls. The resulting animals 

 being pure-bred Shorthorns were eligible for registry in the 

 American Shorthorn herd-book and being polled were also 

 eligible to registry in the Polled Durham herd-book. In de- 

 veloping the breed, some breeders have inclined more toward 

 the beef type and others toward the dual-purpose type with 

 the result that the Polled Durhams are now somewhat variable. 

 A good representa- 

 tive of the breed is 

 shown in Fig. 135. 

 Observe the general 

 Shorthorn charac- 

 teristics and the 

 polled head. 



Hereford. In the 

 United States the 

 Hereford breed 

 (Fig. 136) ranks 

 second to the Short- 

 horn in numbers 

 and its popularity 

 is increasing. In 

 weight they rank well with the Shorthorns, mature bulls 

 averaging from 1800 to 2000 pounds and mature cows from 

 1200 to 1600 pounds. The animals are red with white mark- 

 ings, the color and markings being a distinguishing charac- 

 teristic of the breed. The body is red, varying in different 

 animals from a light to a dark shade; a rich medium red, 

 not too dark, is most desired by breeders. The white mark- 

 ings are on the head and face with the white usually extending 

 along the top of the neck and shoulders, on the throat, dew- 



FIG. 136. Hereford cow. 



