Dairy Cattle 371 



Ties for the cattle. Stanchions are the best kind of ties for 

 cattle ; they are preferable to a rope and halter. Many good 

 metal and wooden stanchions are for sale by dealers in stable 

 equipment. 



A modern sanitary dairy stable. An interior view of a mod- 

 ern sanitary stable, built by the Government at the Naval 

 Academy, is shown in Fig. 148. Notice the concrete floor, 

 the cork brick in the stalls, the metal stanchions, the feed 

 trough in front of the stalls, and the large number of windows. 

 Stables like this fulfill all the requirements for the production 

 of sanitary milk. 



QUESTIONS 



1. What is meant by the term dairy form? 



2. Locate the three wedges of a dairy cow. 



3. Discuss the milk-giving qualities of the four chief breeds of dairy 

 cattle. 



4. Which two breeds give the highest percentage of butter-fat? 



5. What is colostrum and what is its function? 



6. How can a calf be taught to drink milk from a pail ? 



7. Why should milk that is fed to calves be warm? 



8. With what grains can pastures for dairy cows be supplemented ? 



9. Why is silage a popular succulent dairy feed? 



10. Why should a dairy barn be well supplied with windows? 



EXERCISES 



1. Scoring and judging dairy cows. Using the score-card for dairy 

 cattle printed herewith, score and judge several cows. Follow the 

 method outlined for scoring and judging horses in a previous chapter. 

 Whenever you see a dairy cow notice her good and her bad points. 



It is well to mention here that dairy type alone cannot be depended 

 on in selecting or judging cows for production. The only way to have 

 an accurate knowledge of the milk-giving quality of an animal is to keep 

 a record of the milk she gives. It is true, however, that dairy type, 

 which is the type described on a dairy score-card, generally accom- 

 panies a larger milk-giving quality, but this is not always the case as 

 shown by the following : 



" That the appearance of a dairy cow cannot be depended on to 

 indicate her production of milk is illustrated by a demonstration con- 



