384 



Effective Farming 



Keeping foreign matter out of the milk. Dust, hair, and 

 manure should, by all means, be kept out of the milk. To 

 do this certain precautions must be taken. The cows must 

 be groomed and the hair clipped from the udders, flanks, and 

 tails. They must not be fed, bedded, or groomed immediately 

 before milking, as these operations fill the stable with dust and 

 bacteria. The stalls must be kept clean and manure and 

 soiled bedding removed from the stall frequently. The stable 

 must be kept in a sanitary condition. 



Kind of utensils for milk. All utensils that come in con- 

 tact with the milk should be of durable, smooth, non-absorbent 



material. Steriliza- 

 tion of these uten- 

 sils is important. 

 All seams in cans 

 or pails should be 

 flushed with solder. 

 Rusty or battered 

 utensils should 

 never be used, be- 

 cause it is impossible 

 to clean impurities 

 from the rough sur- 

 faces. It is neces- 

 sary, when washing 

 the vessels, to rinse 

 them first in cold or 

 lukewarm water to 

 remove the milk, 

 then in hot water 

 that contains an alkali like sal soda, followed by a thorough 

 rinsing in clean hot water, after which they should be set 

 aside to dry. A brush for washing the utensils is more sani- 

 tary than a cloth. 



Care during the milking. Considerable care is necessary 



FIG. 165. Clean white suits and small-top milk 

 pails used in a sanitary dairy. 



