xvi CONTENTS. 



SECTION X. 



MODIFIED KESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. 



PAGE 



391. Sighing, Yawning, Hiccough, Sobbing, Coughing, Sneezing, Laugh- 

 ing and Crying 661 



CHAPTER III. 



THE ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS. 

 392. The chief waste products and their channels of exit .... 663 



SECTION I. 



THE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY. 



393. The general structure of the kidney 665 



394. The general features and arrangement of the tubuli uriniferi . . 667 

 395. The structure of the Malpighian capsule and the special characters 



of a tubulus uriniferus in the several parts of its course . . 670 

 396. The meaning of these characters ; the structure of the tubulus 



uriniferus in the amphibia 674 



397. The vascular arrangements of the kidney 675 



398. The connective tissue stroma of the kidney 677 



399. The nerves of the kidney 677 



SECTION II. 

 THE COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERS OF URINE. 



400. The general characters of urine . . . . ' . . . 679 



401. The normal organic constituents of urine 680 



402. The inorganic salts 681 



403. The non-nitrogenous constituents of the urine 682 



404. The pigments of the urine . 683 



405. Ferments and other bodies present in urine ..... 683 



406. The relative quantities of the more important constituents of urine . 684 



407. The acidity of urine . . 685 



408. The abnormal constituents of urine 685 



SECTION III. 

 THE SECRETION OF URINE. 



409. The double nature of urinary secretion 687 



410. The vaso-motor mechanisms of the kidney. The renal oncometer 



and oncograph . 688 



