CONTENTS. xiii 



SECTION II. 

 THE MECHANICS OF PULMONARY RESPIRATION. 



PAGE 



324. The entrance and exit of air into and from the lungs ; ' negative 



pressure ' in the thorax ; tidal and stationary air . . 563 

 325. Complemental, reserve or supplemental and residual air. Eesults of 



an opening into the pleural chamber 564 



326. The lungs before birth and the changes at birth .... 566 



327. The pressure exerted in breathing and the quantity of air moved . 566 



328. The graphic records of the respiratory movements ; pneumatograph 569 



329. The curve of respiratory movements 571 



The Respiratory Movements. 



330. The visible movements 572 



331. The movements of inspiration. The movements of the diaphragm . 573 



332. The elevation of the ribs 573 



333. The muscles which move the ribs 574 



334. The muscles of laboured inspiration 575 



335. Expiration. The expiratory muscles 576 



336. Facial and laryngeal respiration 577 



SECTION III. 



THE CHANGES OF THE AIR IN RESPIRATION. 



337. The changes in temperature 579 



338. The aqueous vapour in expiration 579 



339. The gaseous changes 579 



340. The diminution in volume 580 



341. The organic impurities in expired air 581 



SECTION IV. 



THE RESPIRATORY CHANGES IN THE BLOOD. 



342. The gases of arterial and venous blood. The mercurial gas pump . 582 



The Relations of Oxygen in the Blood. 



343. The absorption of oxygen by blood is not according to ' the law of 



pressures ' 586 



344. The characters of haemoglobin 588 



345. The spectroscopic features of haemoglobin 589 



346. The spectroscopic features of reduced hgemoglobin .... 592 



347. The oxygenation and reduction of haemoglobin .... 593 



348. The colour of venous and arterial blood 594 



349. Carbonic- oxide-haemoglobin 595 



