CHAP. ii. 



RESPIRATION. 



585 



The pump is used as follows. By placing the tap d in the position 

 shewn in the figure and raising , the bulb A may be filled with mercury 



FIG. 74. DIAGRAM OF ALVEBGNIAT'S PUMP. 



up to the top, the contained air being expelled through the upper end 

 of b. By a slight turn of the tap all connection between A and 

 either the tube g or the upper part of b may be cut off, and on lowering 

 B a vacuum is established in the bulb A and part of the tube a. A 

 may now be connected by the tap d with the tube <?, and hence with C 

 and D, and, h being closed, a partial vacuum is established in C and D. 

 By means of the tap d the air in A may be cut off from <?, and on 

 raising B and placing the plug of d as shewn in the figure this air may 

 be expelled through the upper end of b. By slightly turning d and 

 lowering B a vacuum is again established in A, and as before a further 

 portion of air in C and D may be allowed to pass over into A and the 

 vacuum in D and C increased. In this way all the air in D can 

 be extracted, the final stages being facilitated by the admission of a 

 little water into Z>, the last traces of air being driven over into A by 

 the rush of vapour from the water. A known volume of blood having 

 been collected over mercury in a small tube is now allowed to enter D 

 through the tap h and yields up its gases to the vacuum. A repetition 



F. II. 



38 



