452 



INDEX. 



Speech, sounds made use of in , iv. 333 

 Spermatozoa, structure of, iv. 366 

 ,, formation of, iv. 367 



>f movements of, iv. 368 



action of on the ovum, iv. 



374 



Sphincters of stomach, their action dur- 

 ing digestion, 459 



,, tone of dependent on cord, 922 

 Sphincter ani, its nerve-supply, 463 

 ,, vesicae, 681 

 ,, iridis, iv. 24, 34 

 Sphygmograph, Dudgeon's, 256 

 Spinal cord, see Cord, spinal. 

 Spiral cells, 176 

 Spiral tubule of kidney, 641 

 Spirometer, 538 

 Splanchnic nerves, 171 



,, inhibitor and augmentor 



fibres in, 467 

 ,, ganglia, 176 

 abdominal nerve, 316 

 Spleen, the, possible formation of red 



corpuscles in, 38 

 its action during digestion, 436 

 blood supply to the, 737 

 lymphatic vessels of the, 738 

 hyperplastic spots of the, 738 

 Malpighian corpuscles of the,738 

 nerves of the, 739 

 movements of the, 740 

 chemical constituents of, 742 

 uric acid in the, 780 

 "Spleen -curve," 740 

 Spleen -pulp, destruction of red corpus- 

 cles in, 36 



,, ,, composition of, 737, 739 

 Spot, blind, of retina, iv. 110 

 Stagnation stage of inflammation, 338 

 Stapes, or stirrup bone, iv. 182 

 Starch, action of saliva on, 358 



chemical composition of, 359 

 ,, action of pancreatic juice on, 426 

 ,, "animal," 722 

 its value in diet, 836 

 Starvation, its effect in checking pro- 

 duction of glycogen, 716 

 720 



changes in body during, 789 



,, fall of temperature attending, 



818 

 Stearin, a constituent of animal fat, 772 



its presence in blood, 50 

 Stereoscope, ocular movements affected 



by the, iv. 149 

 principle of construction, 



iv. 163 



Stethometer of Burdon Sanderson, 540 

 Stimuli, defined, 56 



,, various kinds of, 59 

 ,, necessary characters of, 138 

 Stimulous, reflex actions varied according 



to nature of, 906 

 Stomach, structure of, 380 



Stomach, cardiac glands of, 381 

 pyloric glands of, 384 

 ,, nervous supply to, 402 

 ,, its secretion of gastric juice 



403, 404 



movements of, 458 

 ,, changes of food in the, 471 

 Stomata of cisterna in frog, -487 



,, in mammals connecting serous cav- 



^ities with lymphatics, 488 

 Storage of bile in gall-bladder, 435 

 ,, of glycogen in the liver, 717, 725 

 ,, of tat before hibernation, 821 

 Strands, spiral, of cochlea, iv. 220 

 Stratum granulosum of epidermis, 688 



,, lucidum of epidermis, 689 

 Strite acusticte, 959 



Striation, obscurity of in cardiac mus- 

 cular tissue, 288 

 Stroma of red corpuscles, its composition, 



32 

 ,, embryonic formation of from 



protoplasm, 36 

 of the kidney, 646 

 Stromuhr of Ludwig described, 220 

 Strychnia, reflex action as affected by, 



907, 912 



Submucous tissue, 378 

 Substance, living, compared with dead, 



3, 95 



,, metabolic changes in, 42 

 ,, ,, chemical composition, 43 

 Substances, visual, hypothetical, iv. 95 

 Substantia gelatinosa centralis of cord, 



863 



of Rolando, 863 

 ,, nigra in brain, 981 

 Succus entericus, its nature and action, 



430 



,, ,, how probably furnished, 449 



Sugar, its presence in the blood, 51, 727 



,, normally present in blood and 



chyle, 513 



,, formed by saliva from starch, 360 

 ,, course taken by, during digestion, 



513, 524 



,, in diabetic urine, 654 

 ,, its conversion into glycogen, 722 

 ,, a product of metabolic changes, 



723 

 used up by muscle, 824 



its value in diet, 836 

 Sulcus spiralis of cochlea, iv. 211 



,, crucial and sigmoid, of dog's 



brain, 1035 



Sulphur in proteids, 17, 799 

 ,, in urine, 650 

 ,, in keratin, 689 

 Suprarenal bodies, their structure, 765 

 ,, ,, chemical composition, 766 



,, ,, their functions, 766 



Swallowing, mechanism of, 452 



,, its action on tympanic air 



pressure, iv. 197 



