64 STUDY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA 



B. Grow only anaerobically. 



1. Rods very little swollen by centrally situated spores. 



a. Motile. B. cedematis maligni. (Gram negative.) 



b. Non motile. B. aerogenes capsulatus. (Capsule.) 



2. Spores tend to be situated between center and end. 



a. No liquefaction of gelatin. B. butyricus. 



b. Gelatin liquefied slowly. 



B. botulinus. Milk not coagulated. 



B. anthracis symptomatici. 



B. enteritidis sporogenes. Milk coagulated with abundant gas. 



c. Gelatin liquefied rapidly. B. cadaveris sporogenes. Very motile. 



3. Spores situated at end of rod. Drum-stick sporulation. TETANUS GROUP. 



The following table taken from Lehmann and Neumann, based 

 on pathogenic effects, is of great practical value. After inoculation 

 of some animal subcutaneously with the suspected material we have: 



A. No particular symptoms at site of inoculation. 

 Absorption of the soluble toxin causing: 



(1) General symptoms of tetanus. B. tetani. 



(2) Botulism poisoning symptoms. Pupillary symptoms. Paralysis of 

 tongue and pharynx. Cardiac and respiratory failure. 



B. Local symptoms marked at site of inoculation. Hemorrhagic emphysematous 

 oedema. 



(1) Motile. 



(a) Gram negative. B. cedematis maligni. 



(b) Gram positive. B. anthracis symptomatici. 



(2) Nonmotile. 



B. aerogenes capsulatus or B. phlegmonis emphysematosse. 



SPORE-BEARING AEROBES. 



Bacillus anthracis (Pollender discovered 1849. Davaine recog- 

 nized nature 1863. Koch proved 1876). Of the aerobic spore-bearing 

 bacilli this is the only one of particular medical importance. 



Anthrax is an important disease in domestic animals, especially 

 sheep and cattle. The characteristic postmortem change in animals 

 is the greatly enlarged, friable, mushy spleen. Man is much less suscep- 

 tible than these animals, but is more so than the goat, horse, or pig. 

 The Algerian sheep has a high degree of immunity, as has the white rat. 

 The brown rat is quite susceptible. The disease in man chiefly occurs 

 among those working with hides, wool, or meat of infected cattle. The 

 two chief types in man are: i. Malignant pustule and 2. Woolsorter's 

 disease. An intestinal type is also recognized. Malignant pustule 



