BACTERIAL VACCINES l6l 



Having determined the strength of the stock vaccine, we should 

 prepare a dilute vaccine for injection. This is most conveniently 

 carried out by filling vials with 50 c.c. of salt solution, plugging with 

 cotton, then sterilizing in the autoclave. A sterile rubber cap is now 

 drawn over the mouth of the vial. Sterility is insured by plunging the 

 rubber cap and neck in boiling water. If the stock vaccine showed 

 5,000,000,000 bacteria per c.c. and we desired to have a vaccine con- 

 taining 200,000,000 bacteria per c.c., it would be necessary to draw out 

 2 c.c. of the salt solution by means of a sterile .syringe needle inserted 

 through the rubber cap and replace it with 2 c.c. of the bacterial 

 emulsion. Example: In introducing 2 c.c. of a vaccine containing 

 5,000,000,000 bacteria per c.c., we throw in 10,000,000,000 bacteiia in 

 a volume equal to 50 c.c. Then each c.c. of the 50 c.c. in the bottle 

 would contain 10,000,000,000 divided by 50 or 200,000,000 in each c.c. 

 If we only want a vaccine containing 100,000,000 per c.c. we should only 

 add i c.c. We now add 1/4% of trikersol to the vaccine in order to 

 insure sterility. (Introduced with syringe, inserting needle through 

 rubber cap.) The syringe is best sterilized by drawing up vaseline 

 or olive oil heated to 150 C., and the neck and rubber cap of the 

 bottle in boiling water. We now draw up the desired dose of bacteria. 

 If glass syringes are used, simply boiling in water suffices. The 

 ordinary doses are: For gonococci, streptococci, pheumococci, and 

 colon vaccines, 5,000,000 to 50,000,000. For staphylococci 200,000,000 

 to i, 000,000,000. 



Wilson gives the following minimum and maximum doses expressed in millions: 



Streptococcus, 6 and 68. 



Gonococcus, 45 and 900. 



Meningococcus, 300 and 900. 



M. melitensis, 700 and 1400. 



B. coli, 16 and 240. 



B. typhoid (treatment) 100 and 250. 



B. typhoid (prophylaxis) 500 and 1000. 



B. pyocyaneus, 34 and 1000. 



B. pneumoniae, 44. 



Staphylococci, 150 and 900. 



B. tuberculosis, 1/20000 to 1/200 milligram. 



ANAPHYLAXIS. 



This is a term which indicates the opposite of prophylaxis. It was 

 noted that after a period of incubation of at least ten days a second 



