248 



FLAT WORMS 



Clonorchis endemicus (Opisthorchis sinensis). This fluke and the 

 C. sinensis are the most important of the human liver flukes. Until 

 recently these flukes were known as Opisthorchis sinensis. 



Looss has separated this genus from Opisthorchis principally by the character- 

 istic of branching testicles those of Opisthorchis being lobed. This fluke is very 

 common in China and Japan in certain sections of Japan 20% of the population 

 being infected. This fluke is about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (8 mm.) long and C. sinensis 

 about 3/4 of an inch long and 1/6 of an inch broad (16 X 4 mm.) When squeezed 



FIG. 64. Trematodes of man, natural size, i, Clonorchis endemicus (Opisthor- 

 chis sinensis); 2, Gastrodiscus hominis; 3, Dicrocoelium lanceatum; 4, Heterophyes 

 heterophyes; 5, Schistosomum haematobium; 6, Fasciola hepatica; 7, Paragonimus 

 westermanii; 8, Fasciolopsis buski; 9, Opisthorchis felineus; 10, anatomy of C. en- 

 demicus (enlarged). G. P., genital pore; V. S., ventral sucker; V. G., vitelline glands; 

 R. S., receptaculum seminis; T., branched testicles. 



out of the thickened bile ducts it is so transparent and glairy as almost to resemble 

 glairy mucus. As many as 4000 of these parasites have been found in a case, chiefly 

 in the liver, but at times in the pancreas. This fluke is supposed to produce most 

 serious symptoms, as indigestion, swelling and tenderness of liver, ascites, oedema, 

 and a fatal cachexia. As a matter of fact, many physicians in China attribute very 

 little pathogenic importance to it. The disease is diagnosed by the presence of the 

 ova in the stools. The source of infection is probably through the eating of uncooked 

 fish. 



Kobayashi has examined various mollusks and fish for trematode larvae. He 



