3 6 



THE MOSQUITOES 



proboscis short and inconspicuous. The antennas have eleven joints but 

 are rather short. One species, the S. damnosum, known by the natives of 

 Uganda as "Mbwa," is greatly dreaded; its bites causing swellings and sores. 

 Sambon has considered Simulium reptans as the transmitting agent of pellagra. 

 Psychodidse or Moth Flies. These are small, hairy, slender midges, with 

 long legs and a short proboscis. The antennae are long, hairy and consist 

 of 12 to 1 6 joints. Palpi 4 jointed. They are only about 1/12 of an inch in 

 length. The hairy wings have numerous longitudinal veins. Some, as 



FIG. 88. Mosquito-like insects belonging to families Chironomidas, Simulidae 

 and Psychodidae. (i)Phlebotomus papatasii; (2) P. papatasii (natural size); (3) 

 P. papatasii (larva); (4) P. papatasii larva (natural size); (5) Ceratopogon pulicaris; 

 (6) C. pulicaris (natural size); (7) Chironomus larva; (8) Attitude of a Simulium; 

 (9) Simulium reptans; (10) Larvae of Simulium. 



Phlebotomus, have an enlongated proboscis and are vicious blood suckers. 

 It has been suggested that they may be of importance in the transmission of 

 tropical ulcer. A fever of about three days' duration found in Bosnia, char- 

 acterized by leukopenia and similar to dengue and known as Phlebotomus 

 or Pappataci fever, has been thought to be caused by the bite of infected P. 

 papatasii. 



Phlebotomus is common in the tropics and may transmit surra. The pro- 

 boscis is much shorter than that of mosquitoes. 



Mosquitoes have three main parts of the body 'the head, the 

 thorax, and the abdomen. On the head, the space behind the two 



