BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF URINE 339 



The old designation B. termo so often employed in connection with the bacteri- 

 ology of the urine in older works applied to the proteus group and M. ureae to ordi- 

 nary staphylococci. 



The bacillus of typhoid and the micrococcus of Malta fever are also 

 found in the urine. This elimination in urine of bacilli by typhoid 

 carriers is of great importance in the spread of the disease. 



While the smegma bacillus in urine may be differentiated from the tubercle 

 bacillus by the former losing its red color, by prolonged decolorization with acid 

 alcohol, yet it is chiefly by the subcutaneous inoculation of the guinea-pig that we 

 should diagnose genito-urinary tuberculosis. Inject the sediment after centrifuging. 



The method recommended by Gasis which depends on the alkali fast properties 

 of the T. B. has not given me satisfactory results. 



Gonococci are reported from Gram-stained smears. 



To culture gonococcus material the transfer to culture media should be made 

 almost immediately after obtaining the material from the patient. M. catarrhalis 

 is a rare finding. 



Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections about the mouth as well as such 

 infections in heart or joint may show the presence of the causative organisms in 

 the urine. At times bacterial infections of the kidney may give symptoms of renal 

 stone. 



As it is much easier to culture urine than blood a bacteriological examination of 

 the urine may give us the desired information and the organism for the autogenous 

 vaccine. Salt mouth bottles with cotton plugs, when sterilized, make cheap and 

 satisfactory containers. The urine should be plated out as soon as possible after 

 its passage. As a rule when organisms are present in the urine they are in such 

 numbers that the question of contamination rarely arises. 



Yeasts and moulds frequently contaminate urine, especially diabetic urine, 

 after it has been passed. Amoebae and flagellates (Trichomonas vaginalis in females) 

 may be found in urine. 



Eggs of Schistosomum haematobium (bilharziosis) are important diagnostic 

 findings; these are terminal-spined. Those of rectal bilharziosis are, as a rule, 

 lateral-spined. 



In chylous urine the filarial embryos may be found. This examination is facili- 

 tated by centrifugalization. 



The eggs of the E. gigas may be recognized in urinary sediment by their pitted 

 appearance. 



The vinegar eel may be found in the urine of females who have used vaginal 

 douches of vinegar. 



Echinococcus hooklets, scolices, or laminated membrane have been found in the 

 urine. 



The larval dibothriocephalid, Sparganum mansoni, has been reported three times 

 in urine (urethra). 



Oxyuris from the vagina may be found in urine. 



Various mites may be found in urinary sediment as the result of lack of care in 

 the washing of the receptacle and are entirely accidental. 



