14 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



contractility, and that muscles occur, (i) in the voluntary form ; (2) the involuntary 

 form. You will be expected to classify each muscle according to the above 

 forms. To aid you in this, the following table is inserted : 



TABLE SHOWING WHERE INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES ARE FOUND. 



Character of fibre : Smooth, non-striated. 



1. In the alimentary canal (oesophagus, stomach, intestines, large and small), and 



in the embryological offspring of the duodenum (the common bile duct, the 

 hepatic ducts, the gall-bladder, and the pancreatic duct) and salivary glands. 



2. In the genito-urinary tract of the male and female: the muscular part of the 



vas, the seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, the corpora spongiosa and 

 cavernosa, and the prostate in the male ; in the uterus, vagina, Fallopian 

 tubes, round and broad ligaments, and in the erectile tissue of the nipple 

 and external genitals of the female. In the bladder, urethra, and all parts 

 of the urethra in botJi male and female. 



3. In the trachea, bronchi, and pleura ; in all arteries, veins, and lymphatics ; 



in the iris, ciliary body, and eyelids ; in the skin of the scrotum ; in the 

 hair follicles and sebaceous glands. 



4. You will see later that the territory where you are to locate the involuntary 



form of muscular tissue coincides with the distribution of the sympathetic 

 nerve, or the nerve of organic life. 



You Will Find Brain and Nerves. The structural part of these is purely 

 histological ; still, you will be expected to remember that nerve-tissue consists of 

 cells, fibres, and neuroglia, and a connective-tissue framework. You will find 

 nerves, called sympathetic^ supplying the viscera and all others ; the ccrcbro-spinal, 

 supplying the skin, joints, muscles, and organs of special sense. You sJiould 

 remember that all brain and nerve matter belong to the nervous tissues. 



The connective tissues, in their many forms, will be found everywhere. I 

 wish thus, in advance, to teach you where to find and how to classify the same. 

 All the peristructures mentioned in the chapter on nomenclature are forms of 

 connective tissue. This is the most widely distributed of all the tissues. Your 

 task now is to learn to recognize its forms as you meet them. 



FORMS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE You WILL MEET IN THE DISSECTING-ROOM. 



1. Mucous Form. This is a clear, jelly-like substance surrounding the umbilical 



cord. Ligate this and see how easily a thread cuts through the same. 

 This is the jelly of Wharton you will hear about. // is one form of con- 

 nective tissue. 



2. Areolar Form. Immediately on removing the skin you will notice the areolar 



form of connective tissue. It is also called superficial fascia in this 

 locality. It contains a variable amount of fat.. It is called areolar mem- 

 brane in some of the older text-books. On separating one muscle from 

 another, you will see this areolar tissue. Its specific name, in this locality, 

 is intermuscular fascia. 



3. Cartilage forms of connective tissue occur in the trachea, larynx, and external 



ear, where the presence of this tissue gives these structures their strength 

 and elasticity. You will find it completing the space between the ribs and 

 sternum ; you will find it covering the articular surfaces of bone in 

 movable joints. 



4. Bone l ; onn. This is coextensive with the osseous skeleton. Every bone, be 



it long, short, flat, irregular, is connective tissue in this form. Each bone 

 is covered, at its articular surface, when it moves upon another bone, by 



