FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY. 15 



cartilage : this cartilage is one form of connective tissue. Each bone is 

 covered by periosteum, except at the articular surfaces ; this periosteum 

 is connective tissue. 



5. Elastic Form. In the interlaminar ligaments, or ligamenta subflava, you will 



find a form of connective tissue, yellowish in color, and also dense, elastic, 

 and strong. You will find this as well in the epiglottis. Wherever you 

 find structures possessing (i) elasticity, (2) yellowisJi color, as the aorta and 

 structures above mentioned, they owe these qualities to the elastic form 

 of connective tissue. 



6. Adipose Form. You will find this in the superficial fascia or areolar tissue 



under the skin ; in the great omentum, about the heart, in the iliac region 

 of the pelvis, and in the ischio-rectal fossa. Remember, fat is the adipose 

 form of connective tissue. This tissue represents the great storehouse 

 for potential energy. The student who desires to see the human body 

 in possession of this potential energy will select a fat subject for dissec- 

 tion ; while the student who desires to keep his hands clean will continue 

 to clamor for lean material. If you intend to do surgical operations, 

 remember this : The emaciated patient is seldom operated on. Only 

 those possessing fat and vitality are considered good risks. If you dissect 

 a fat cadaver, then you may expect to see man as he is in health. A lean 

 man is man minus fat not a fair sample. 



7. Supporting Form. Dissect any organ, and you will find it covered by a layer 



of connective tissue, and the parts making up the interior supported by 

 the same. Boil a muscle, and you will see the connective tissue interior. 

 Macerate thoroughly a spleen, and by gentle compression in warm water 

 remove the spleen-pulp, and you will have remaining the connective tisstie 

 of this organ the supporting form of connective tissue. The nerve-cells and 

 nerve-fibres are likewise supported by connective tissue, called neuroglia. 



8. Dense Form. This form you will find in tendons and fasciae ; in the cornea 



and sclera ; in the dense aponeuroses ; in the strong intermuscular septa. 



QUERY. How can a tissue appear in so many forms ? How is it possible to 

 recognize in the dentine of the teeth and in the areolar tissue between muscles one 

 and the same tissue ? How can you classify bone and the jelly of Wharton in 

 the same category ? 



EXPLANATION. Each tissue consists of two constituents: (i) Cells, (2) inter- 

 cellular substances. The former are products of the ovum ; the latter of the cells 

 themselves. Each constituent has a certain part to perform in the organ in which 

 the tissue is found. Upon the cell depends the life of the tissue ; upon the inter- 

 cellular substance depend the jelly-like condition, the dentine hardness, the fascial 

 strength, the areolae of intermuscular connective tissue and superficial fascia, the 

 resistance of muscle, the elasticity of the ligamentum subflavum, the cement sub- 

 stance of the epithelial tissues covering the surfaces of the integument and the 

 various mucous membranes. 



Homely illustration of how a tissue can appear under so many different forms 

 and still remain connective tissue : (i) Permit water to represent the intercellular 

 substance ; (2) permit plastcr-of -Paris to represent the cellular element. As you 

 mix the two, the water will become more and more condensed, until you have 

 finally obtained a substance of bony hardness. The plaster remains plaster, 

 having undergone no changes. In the tissue under consideration the cellular 

 element remains the same : The bone-cell is morphologically the same as the 

 jelly-cell, the tendon-cell, and the fascia-cell. Condensation of the intercellular 

 substance is when the changes have really taken place. 



In your dissections, when you find fascia, tendon, bone, cartilage, sclera, 



