i8 



PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



what the organ does for the body in general ; the nutritive activity by what the 

 organ does for its own nutrition. The nutrient artery to organs is accompanied by 

 sympathetic nerves, which regulate the supply of blood each organ shall receive. 



ANATOMICAL ANTAGONISM IN MUSCLES necessitates a consequent antagonism in 

 the nerves that supply these muscles, hence you will understand the meaning of 

 flexor, extensor, abductor, and adductor nerves. The very nature of logical 

 antagonism implies a degree of equality in length, weight, strength, and vantage 

 for origin and insertion. At the hip, flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors 

 are seen. The antagonistic nerves are the anterior crural, the great sciatic, the 

 obturator, and the gluteal. 



SHAPE OF MUSCLES AN INDEX TO THE PLACE WHERE THE MUSCLE RECEIVES 

 ITS NERVE-SUPPLY. I desire you to study carefully the following drawings, and 

 in your dissection you must faithfully determine the general shape of the muscle 

 and trace out the nerve thereto. 



i. Triangular Muscles. The pectorales major and minor, the supra- and infra - 

 spinati, the subscapularis, the deltoid, the gluteals, the pyriformis, and 

 the obturators are examples ; take their nerve-supply near the apex. 



FIG. 3. TRIANGULAR. FIG. 4. QUADRANGULAR. FIG. 5. FUSIFORM. FIG. 6. Ci.ri;i:i i>. 



2. Quadrate Muscles. The pronator quadratus, the brachialis anticus, and 



multifidus spinae are good examples ; take their nerve-supply near the 

 centre. 



3. Fusiform Muscles. Take their nerve-supply near the middle. This, as the 



biceps, is the same as No. 2, compressed at the ends. 



4. Clubbed Muscles. This includes a large number, as those taking origin from 



the outer and inner humeral condyles take their nerve-supply early. In 

 your work notice how very early the median gives off branches to supply 

 muscles of this type. 



5. Scrrati muscles and those arising by more or less pronounced digitations, as 



the serrati superior and inferior posticus, the diaphragm and the planiform 

 muscles of the abdominal walls, seem to conform to the type of triangu- 

 lar muscles, taking their nerve-supply near the apices of the digitate 

 origins ; still, if the nerves are traced out, they will be found to approach 

 the centre and conform to the quadrate type. 



Remember, this tracing out of nerves belongs to macroscopic anatomy. To 

 gain an idea of the manner in which the ultimate tissue is innervated, you must 

 study up motorial end plates in physiology and histology. The only object in 



