THE HEAD AND NECK. 7 , 



hyoid muscle ; (4) hypoglossal nerve ; (5) posterior auricular and occipital 

 arteries ; (6) external carotid artery ; (7) stylo-glossus and stylo-pharyngeus 

 muscles ; (8) stylo-hyoid ligament and pharyngeal branch of the pneumogastric 

 nerve. 



13. Name the branches of the external carotid artery and indicate the territorv 

 its brandies supply. 



By the posterior auricular, occipital, and temporal branches it supplies the 

 scalp ; by the superior thyroid it supplies the thyroid gland and the structures 

 covering the same ; by the facial it supplies the dermal muscles of expression 

 and the skin covering them ; by the lingual it supplies the tongue ; by the 

 internal maxillary it supplies the teeth, the muscles of mastication, the palate, 

 the antrum of Highmore, the nasal fossae, and the dura mater ; by its ascending 

 pharyngeal branch it supplies the pharynx. 



14. Where may you compress the facial artery? 



In front of the masseter muscle on the body of the mandible, 

 i 5 . Where may you find the lingual artery for ligation ? 

 Above the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. 



1 6. Give names of four important structures in front of the facial artery. 



(i) Hypoglossal nerve; (2) digastric muscle; (3) stylo-hyoid muscle; (4) 

 submaxillary gland. The fascia and skin lie in front of these four structures. 



1 7. Name an important branch of the superior thyroid artery found in your 

 dissection. 



The superior laryngeal, which, in company with the superior laryngeal branch 

 of the pneumogastric nerve, piercing the thyro-hyoid membrane to supply the 

 larynx. 



1 8. Where is the internal jugular vein made up ? 



In the jugular foramen, by the confluence directly and indirectly of the dural 

 sinuses. The ninth, tenth, and eleventh nerves also pass out through this 

 foramen. 



19. Does the internal jugular vein receive any tributaries in its course? 



Yes ; the lingual, facial, superior and middle thyroid, and pharyngeal. This 

 vein unites with the subclavian to form the innominate or brachio-cephalic vein. 



20. What branches does the pneumogastric nerve give off in the neck ? 



(i) The pharyngeal, to help form the pharyngeal plexus; (2) the superior 

 and recurrent laryngeal for the supply of the larynx ; (3) the cervical cardiac 

 branches to assist in forming the cardiac plexus. 



2 1 . Where did you find the superior laryngeal nerve, and in company with 

 zvhat was it ? 



Piercing and lying on the thyro-hyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal 

 branch of the superior thyroid artery. 



22. What does the superior laryngeal nerve supply ? 



The mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea by its internal branch ; 

 the crico-thyroid muscle by its external branch. 



23. Where did you find the recurrent given off and distributed / 



It was given off from the vagus on the right side, just after this nerve crossed 

 the subclavian artery. The nerve then passed upward and inward, behind the 

 subclavian artery, gained the space next the trachea, and followed the same to 

 the larynx. It supplies branches to all the muscles of the larynx except the 

 crico-thyroid ; it supplies, also, branches to the trachea and oesophagus. 



24. What are the glandules concatenates and what is their surgical importance f 

 The deep cervical glands accompanying the internal jugular vein ; they extend 



from the base of the skull to the root of the neck. Their importance surgically 

 is the operation for their removal. 



25. Name the structures a surgeon should avoid injuring in (his operation. 



