234 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



are supplied. The deep internal circumflex artery and its veins are also found 

 here. 



5 . Give the origin and insertion of the external oblique. 



Origin. The outer surface of the eight lower ribs about their middle by a 

 series of nearly horizontal lines which, after crossing each rib obliquely down- 

 ward and backward, extend for a short distance along its lower border. 



Insertion. (i) By a strong aponeurosis along the whole of the linea alba; 



(2) the front of the os pubis close to the symphysis ; (3) the spine of the pubes 

 and the adjacent part of the ilio-pectineal line ; (4) the deep fascia of the thigh 

 in a thickened band which stretches from the spine of the pubes to the anterior 

 superior spine of the ilium ; (5) the anterior half of the outer lip of the crest of 

 the ilium ; (6) at the lower part of the linea alba some of the fibres (the trian- 

 gular fascia] stretch across the middle line, and are inserted into the front of the 

 crest of the pubes and the inner part of the ilio-pectineal line of the other side. 



6. Give origin and insertion of internal oblique. 



Origin. (i) The outer half of Poupart's ligament ; (2) the anterior two-thirds 

 of the space intervening between the inner and outer lips of the crest of the ilium ; 



(3) the outer and posterior aspect of the aponeurosis of the transversalis abdom- 

 inis (which aponeurosis is also called the lumbar fascia). 



Insertion. (i) For about one inch into the inner extremity of the ilio-pecti- 

 neal line ; (2) the anterior border of the crest of the pubes ; (3) the whole length 

 of the linea alba ; (4) the lower borders of the cartilages of the last three ribs. 



7. Give origin and insertion of transversalis. 



Origin. (i) The inner surface of the cartilages of the last six ribs, close to 

 their junction with the ribs, by processes which interdigitate with the attachments 

 of the diaphragm ; (2) the strong aponeurosis called the lumbar fascia, which arises 

 (a) by its anterior layer from the front of the transverse processes of the five 

 lumbar vertebrae, (^) by its middle layer from the tips of the transverse processes 

 of the five lumbar vertebrae, (c] by its posterior layer from the general vertebral 

 aponeurosis which is attached to the spines of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral 

 vertebrae ; (3) the anterior two-thirds of the inner lip of the crest of the ilium ; 



(4) the outer third of Poupart's ligament. 



Insertion. (i) The whole length of the linea alba ; (2) the anterior border of 

 the crest of the pubes ; (3) the inner end of the ilio-pectineal line for about one 

 inch and a half. 



8. Give origin and insertion of the rectus. 



Origin. By two tendons: (i) The larger or outer head arises from the 

 whole of the crest of the pubes ; (2) the inner head crosses the middle line of 

 the body, and arises from the fibrous structures lying in front of the symphysi> 

 pubis. 



Insertion. (i) The anterior surface of the tip of the fifth rib ; (2) the front ot 

 the costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs ; sometimes also (3) th< 

 deep posterior surface of the ensiform cartilage near its outer border. 



Anatomy of Inguinal Hernia. There are two varieties of inguinal hernia, 

 founded on the idea of internal to or external to the deep epigastric artery, a 

 structure already seen in your dissection. The name direct inguinal is given 

 when a hernia comes through Hesselbach's triangle. In this case the coverings 

 are: (i) Peritoneum ; (2) transversalis fascia ; (3) conjoined tendon; (4) inter- 

 columnar fascia ; (5) superficial fascia ; (6) skin. The name oblique is given 

 when the hernia enters the canal by the internal abdominal ring, in the transver- 

 salis fascia, external to the deep epigastric artery. It has these coats : (i) Peri- 

 toneum ; (2) subserous fatty connective tissue ; (3) infundibulum ; (4) cremasteric 

 muscle; (5) intercolumnar fascia ; (6) superficial fascia ; (7) skin. This variety 

 of hernia follows the course taken by the testicle in its descent, and receives the 



