ABDOMEN. 251 



6. The pancreas and splenic artery. 



7. The stomach and gastric artery. 



8. The liver, hepatic artery, and portal vein. 



9. The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and veins. 



10. The anterior relations of the right kidney. 



1 1. The anterior relations of the left kidney. 



1 2. The root structures of the kidney. 



13. Descriptive renal terms. 



The foramen of Winslow is the communicating passage between the greater 

 and lesser peritoneal cavities. The foramen has definite boundaries, which must 

 be located by each student, and then learned. Surgical operations on the gall 

 ducts of late years have made it imperative for the student of anatomy to have 

 such a thorough knowledge of structures in this locality, that by the sense of 

 touch alone, he may know perfectly both his longitude and latitude. The 

 foramen is variable in shape ; it may be round, semilunar, or triangular. As a 

 rule, it will admit two fingers. Introduce your left index finger and find, in front 

 of your finger, the front boundary the free border of the lesser omentum 

 containing the hepatic root -structures ; behind, the posterior boundary the 

 ascending vena cava and a ligamentous band of peritoneum extending from the 



BALL BLADDER 



Hepatic artery 



Portal vein 



FIG. 177. RELATION OF STRUCTURKS AT AND BELOW THE TRANSVERSE FISSURE. (Thane.) 



liver to the right kidney ; above your finger, the caudate lobe of the liver; and 

 below, you will recognize the hepatic artery and the duodenum. 



The Root-structures of the Liver (Fig. 174). Insert your finger into the 

 foramen of Winslow, and with your forceps plow through the anterior layer of 

 the gastro-hepatic omentum. You will now find three large structures, which a 

 few moves of the forceps will liberate from their bed of connective tissue : (i) To 

 the right side and below, and corresponding to the gall-bladder, the common bile 

 duct ; (2) to the left side and above, the hepatic artery ; (3) between these two, 

 but on a deeper plane, the portal vein. (Fig. 177.) Carefully examine the artery 

 and you will find numerous nerves surrounding the same. They come from the 

 pneumogastric and sympathetic. The connective tissue embedding these struc- 

 tures and escorting them to the interior of the liver is the capsule of Glisson. 



The Bile Ducts (Fig. 174). These are three in number. The hepatic brings 

 bile from the liver ; the cystic is the duct between the gall-bladder and the point 

 where the hepatic meets it. The common duct begins at this point, passes 

 behind the first part of the duodenum, and under the head of- the pancreas, to 

 reach the retiring duodenal elbow, where, with the pancreatic duct, you will 

 find it opening into the duodenum. This duct is about four inches long. 



The Hepatic Artery (Fig. 174). Trace this vessel to the cceliac axis. It 

 lies, as you will see, between the two layers of the lesser omentum. Follow its 



